Workers in Portugal could be automatically enrolled in workplace pension plans under proposals aimed at strengthening retirement incomes and addressing growing pressure on the country’s public pension system.

The government-appointed expert group studying the sustainability of Segurança Social – Portugal’s state social security and pension system – presented its final recommendations on Tuesday after around 18 months of work. The government received the report last month and has said it will consider its recommendations.

One of its main proposals is an auto-enrolment workplace pension system, covering both private and public-sector employees.

Eligible workers would automatically join a retirement savings plan when starting a job, while existing employees meeting the criteria could also be enrolled. Crucially, participation would not be compulsory: workers would retain the right to opt out.

Jorge Bravo, who coordinated the expert group, stressed that the additional pension would complement rather than replace Portugal’s public pension system.

Contributions could amount to between 8% and 10%, introduced gradually and shared between the employee, employer and State.

The approach resembles supplementary workplace pension systems already used in other European countries, designed to encourage people who might otherwise make no additional provision for retirement.

Savings could start in childhood
The experts also propose creating individual retirement savings accounts for children and young people.

Under the suggested “Grão a Grão” – or “little by little” – programme, children resident in Portugal and enrolled in education would automatically receive an account and public contribution. Families and others could add further savings.

The scheme would aim both to build retirement assets from an early age and improve financial literacy.

Other proposals include new retirement products linked to Portuguese government debt, allowing small sums generated through everyday spending to be channelled into savings, and mechanisms enabling older homeowners to draw retirement income from their property.

Debate over true state of pension finances
The report also challenges the apparently healthy recent finances of Portugal’s Social Security system.

According to ECO, the experts argue that looking at Social Security alone gives an incomplete picture because it excludes the Caixa Geral de Aposentações (CGA), the separate pension system traditionally covering public-sector employees.

Their calculations suggest that combining the balances of the two systems would have produced a deficit of around €1.94 billion in 2025, rather than the surplus recorded by Social Security alone.

That interpretation is contested. The Social Security contributory system has recently recorded substantial surpluses, and critics of the experts’ methodology argue that the CGA should not be included when calculating its financial balance. Previous government projections have nevertheless pointed to longer-term demographic pressures on the pension system.

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