By Fajrin Andi Muhamad Pratama Indonesia’s main old-age insurance program, BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, is built almost entirely around formal employment-yet three in five Indonesian workers are informal, and only a small fraction of them are ever enrolled. National statistics capture the size of that gap well; they say almost nothing about what people actually do instead. […]

By Asli Demirgüç-Kunt, Leora F. Klapper & Georgios A. Panos Countries around the world face a retirement crisis brought on by aging populations, declining birthrates, and fiscal shortfalls. As a result, policy makers increasingly seek to understand retirement savings patterns, a crucial component of the safety net for the elderly. Drawing on the 2014 Global […]

By Puren Demirel This study reviews the labor-market effects of policies aimed at regularizing irregular migrants, with particular emphasis on amnesty programs and access to legal employment. Drawing on the existing literature and country experiences, it examines the mechanisms through which regularization may affect migrants, local workers, employers, and the broader economy. The analysis highlights […]

Workers in Portugal could be automatically enrolled in workplace pension plans under proposals aimed at strengthening retirement incomes and addressing growing pressure on the country’s public pension system. The government-appointed expert group studying the sustainability of Segurança Social – Portugal’s state social security and pension system – presented its final recommendations on Tuesday after around […]

Nigeria’s pension industry has earned its reputation as one of the nation’s most successful financial sector reforms. Since the introduction of the Contributory Pension Scheme (CPS) and the Pension Reform Act 2014, pension assets have grown steadily, millions of Nigerians have enrolled, and confidence in retirement savings has improved considerably. As the industry expands into […]

Suddenly, superannuation has become a hot-button issue in Australia. Germany was the first modern state to introduce old-age pensions. That was in 1889 when Bismarck required all employees to contribute to funding their retirement incomes. Australia and Britain introduced means-tested but non-contributory pensions in 1908. Britain’s was shifted to a (partial) contributory basis in 1925. […]

We’ve seen a significant cost of living shock since 2020, with prices rising sharply over the past six years. While there were hopes inflation was easing, geopolitical uncertainty earlier this year has already had knock-on effects, with energy bills rising again this month. After many years of relatively modest price rises, inflationary pressures have been […]