By Seth Benzell, Laurence J. Kotlikoff & Victor Yifan Ye This study deploys a multi-region, dynamic life-cycle, general equilibrium model to assess demography’s impact, through the course of this century, on global development. Our model’s 17 regions encompass more than 150 countries comprising 99% of the world’s population. Output is produced with three labor skill […]

By Xiaoyun Zhang & Yiyang Luo This paper investigates the long-term consequences of involuntary job displacement on multidimensional health outcomes among middle-aged and older adults in urban China, using the 2014 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) Life History Questionnaire. To address the endogeneity of job loss, we exploit business closures, position cancellations, and […]

By Andrew G. Biggs The near disappearance of traditional defined benefit pensions is often treated as a loss for retirement security. This paper asks a different question: whether workers and employers value guaranteed pension benefits enough to bear their full economic cost. ERISA made private pensions more secure but also more expensive, after which traditional […]

Retirement is biting Generation X. Its oldest members will turn 62 next year, the earliest age at which people can claim Social Security benefits, with many Americans having too little saved to stop working even as the program faces its own funding crisis. Chris Branaman, 53, jokes that his retirement will be spent as a […]

Pension funding risk has evolved into a structural debt obligation — akin to an obligor’s bonded indebtedness from a secondary credit consideration — having minimal impact on yield levels. Public pension fund risk assessment stands at the intersection of investment management practices and a municipal credit evaluation process for governments and revenue enterprises that prioritizes […]

India’s gig economy, which includes 10-minute food delivery and ride-hailing apps, is creating millions of jobs. Yet, women are largely missing from it, according to a new study. Indian women have achieved near parity with men in access to basic bank accounts, but that progress isn’t carrying over to the digital economy, with women workers […]

South Korea’s pension recipients aged 65 and older rose 5.6 per cent to 9,122,000 in 2024, driven by a rapidly aging population, the Ministry of Data and Statistics said Tuesday (Aug 25). The average monthly pension payout rose 6.0 per cent from a year earlier to 737,000 won (about US$530) in 2024. Men received an […]