By Ian Edwards This Essay examines whether the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”) contains an emerging principle of fiduciary intelligibility within its participant disclosure framework. ERISA requires Summary Plan Descriptions (“SPDs”) to be written in a manner “calculated to be understood by the average plan participant.” While modern pension disclosure has become […]

By Alan Terriaga Multi-tenant Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) platforms operating in regulated financial services face a unique intersection of security, compliance, and operational challenges that traditional perimeter-based architectures cannot adequately address. This paper presents a practitioner framework for implementing Zero-Trust Architecture (ZTA) across all layers of an AWS-hosted SaaS application, with particular focus on the authentication, authorisation, […]

By Clemens Böhlen This paper examines the role of agency costs in pension fund performance. Grounded in corporate agency theory, it exploits institutional variation in a unique dataset on the Swiss pension system to assess how differences in monitoring incentives affect investment outcomes. Specifically, I examine the role of the sponsoring company and show that […]

Smart Pension has surpassed £10bn in assets under management (AUM), meeting the government’s first ‘scale test’ ahead of the 2030 timeframe. The pension provider manages the pensions of two million members and 100,000 employers across the UK, and described the £10bn AUM mark as a “major milestone”. It is on track to meet the future […]

Norway’s oil fund, NBIM, has not applied its framework for measuring climate and nature risk into moving away from fossil fuels, a report from Carbon Tracker finds. The mismatch is due to a mandate limit, political expectations, and an increasingly uncertain global climate policy environment. The findings reveal the limits of voluntary investor action. Norway’s […]

In Cuba, the elderly find themselves in dire straits as economic struggles, exacerbated by U.S. sanctions, tighten their grip on the island. The collapse of once-reliable state provisions leaves them vulnerable, with many unable to secure basic needs like food and healthcare. As Cuba’s population rapidly ages, the country faces a crisis as pensions shrink, […]

Many retirees regret not saving enough or starting sooner, since both can shape their financial security and happiness later. Even small amounts saved early can grow significantly over time, thanks to the power of compounding interest. With longer lifespans and fewer pensions, saving more now can give you more room to enjoy retirement—not just cover […]