By Ian Edwards This Essay examines whether the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”) contains an emerging principle of fiduciary intelligibility within its participant disclosure framework. ERISA requires Summary Plan Descriptions (“SPDs”) to be written in a manner “calculated to be understood by the average plan participant.” While modern pension disclosure has become […]

By Alan Terriaga Multi-tenant Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) platforms operating in regulated financial services face a unique intersection of security, compliance, and operational challenges that traditional perimeter-based architectures cannot adequately address. This paper presents a practitioner framework for implementing Zero-Trust Architecture (ZTA) across all layers of an AWS-hosted SaaS application, with particular focus on the authentication, authorisation, […]

By Clemens Böhlen This paper examines the role of agency costs in pension fund performance. Grounded in corporate agency theory, it exploits institutional variation in a unique dataset on the Swiss pension system to assess how differences in monitoring incentives affect investment outcomes. Specifically, I examine the role of the sponsoring company and show that […]

As a barrage of Iranian missiles rained down on the Fujairah oil terminal, the explosion was deafening and the destruction dramatic: a brutal fire, thick black smoke stretching into the sky – and untold damage to one of the region’s crucial pieces of fossil fuel infrastructure. The Fujairah terminal is part of the UAE’s key […]

Over the last few year’s we’ve noticed increasing interest in the insurance-linked securities asset class as an investment opportunity from institutions in Latin America and now pensions in Chile have reportedly begun allocating to catastrophe bonds. Helped by a number of years of consecutive strong performance, catastrophe bonds and ILS as an investable asset class […]

China’s rapidly aging population is fueling a new consumer trend for “senior toys”. With over 300 million citizens aged 60 or older, families are increasingly turning to specialized games, puzzles and therapeutic toys to combat cognitive decline and elderly isolation. However, industry insiders warn that the emerging market is still failing to meet the complex […]

Only 16% of Americans say they’re financially comfortable, a new poll found Current money stressors can have a damaging impact on future financial stability in retirement. Present-day financial stress can have long-lasting implications on a person’s future retirement – putting millions of Americans with money worries at risk. Almost a third of U.S. adults experience […]