February 2026
06Feb

Liability-Driven Portfolio Choice for Pension Funds under Regime-Switching Inflation

By Myung Jun Kim, Hyeontae Jo & Bong-Gyu Jang This paper studies optimal portfolio choice for a pension fund with inflation-linked liabilities under regime-switching market dynamics. We consider a fund manager who invests in stocks, inflation-indexed bonds (IIBs), and a risk-free asset to maximize expected utility of the terminal funding ratio, subject to a Value-at-Risk (VaR) constraint. Asset returns and inflation expectations follow a two-state Markov chain representing high and low inflation regimes. The main methodological challenge is solving the...

February 6, 2026
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January 2026
23Jan

Artificial Intelligence and Retirement Planning

By John Cutler, J.D Any views and ideas expressed in the essay are the author’s alone and may not reflect the views and ideas of the Society of Actuaries, the Society of Actuaries Research Institute, Society of Actuaries members, nor the author’s employer. The premise for this essay is that retirees (and pre-retirees) are unlikely to have had experience with artificial intelligence (AI) to any great degree. If you think about most advanced technologies, individuals learn about them in the workplace...

January 23, 2026
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20Jan

UN Pension Review Raises Concerns Among Staff and Retirees

The United Nations General Assembly’s latest pension fund resolution — adopted at the end of December 2025 — has triggered concerns among current and former staff members of the organization that their retirement security may be at risk. The resolution invites the UN Pension Board to carry out a full review of the pension system, including consideration of defined-contribution and hybrid models and exploring ways to “lower contributions.” That last phrase signals the review’s underlying intent: cost reduction rather than benefit enhancement. While framed...

January 20, 2026
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December 2025
19Dec

Dynamic asset allocation on the rise as pension plans face an era of controlled disorder

By Prof. Amin Rajan This question has come to the fore as the swirling clouds of geopolitical events have elevated the role of dynamic asset allocation (DAA). They have challenged the timehonoured primacy of strategic asset allocation (SAA), with fixed weights for different asset classes with long-term return targets. This rigid set-it/forget-it approach worked well in the longest bull run after the 2008 global financial crisis. Since 2022, however, concerted steep rises in interest rates by key central banks to curb...

December 19, 2025
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19Dec

State of OECD Pension Funds’ Climate Transition: Insights and recommendations from the Net Zero Finance Tracker

By Frederick Fabian, Claris Parenti, Maddy Taylor & Valerio Micale Unlike other institutional investors, which often focus on short-term performance, pension providers have a fiduciary duty to address long-term systemic issues and act in their beneficiaries’ best interests. In many jurisdictions, this obligation includes setting credible climate targets, implementing internal changes to strategy, governance, and process, and actively supporting the decarbonization of the real economy. Pension funds’ role in financing the climate transition is drawing sharper focus as the limits of...

December 19, 2025
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19Dec

Heterogeneous Institutional Investor Response to Firm Environmental Regulatory Risk

By Chunxiao Lu, Yuyang Zhang & Linxiang Ma This paper investigates whether institutional investors incorporate firm-level environmental regulatory risk into their portfolio decisions. We document substantial heterogeneity across investor types in their responses to changes in firm-level environmental regulatory risk. Long-horizon investors, such as banks, insurance companies, and pension funds, tend to tilt their portfolios toward stocks with higher environmental regulatory risk. In contrast, short-horizon investors, including investment advisors and mutual funds, reduce their holdings of these firms. These opposing...

December 19, 2025
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12Dec

UK. Willis Towers Watson to acquire pensions and savings provider Cushon

Global advisory, broking and solutions firm Willis Towers Watson (WTW) has announced that it will acquire workplace pensions, savings and financial wellbeing provider Cushon from Natwest Group. The acquisition is subject to regulatory approval and is anticipated to close in the first half of 2026. It will add 730,000 members to WTW’s portfolio and see an additional £4 billion in assets under management from Cushon. The deal will bolster WTW’s position in the UK defined contribution (DC) master trust space, enhance capabilities and...

December 12, 2025
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11Dec

Brazil. The pension deficit is no longer a distant issue but is now a national concern, raising the question that will define the future of a generation: will it still be possible to retire?

Pension system pressured by growing deficit, demographic changes and uncertainties about future payment capacity. The situation of the Brazilian social security system is no longer addressed solely in technical reports; it has become a key point in public debate, precisely because official data shows that the system operates under continuous structural pressure. With each new release, the perception grows that demographic, financial, and administrative challenges are accumulating rapidly. Furthermore, experts say that the pressure tends to intensify, as the country ages...

December 11, 2025
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08Dec

Albania. 13 thousand pensioners added, scheme at risk, growing faster than contributors

The number of beneficiaries in the public pension scheme expanded further during 2022, reaching a total of 686,923 people or over 13 thousand more than in 2021. Official data from the Institute of Social Insurance show that the number of pensioners is growing faster than the number of contributors. Pensioners increased by 13 thousand, while contributors by 10 thousand. In 2022 for every beneficiary there were only 1.1 contributors from 1.2 which was this ratio in 2018. In the following years,...

December 8, 2025
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November 2025
19Nov

Milliman analysis: Competitive pension risk transfer cost declines to 100.1% during October

Milliman, Inc., a premier global consulting and actuarial firm, today announced the latest results of its Milliman Pension Buyout Index (MPBI). During October, the estimated cost to transfer retiree pension risk to an insurer in a competitive bidding process decreased from 100.5% to 100.1% of a plan’s accounting liabilities (accumulated benefit obligation, or ABO). That means the estimated retiree PRT cost is now 100.1% of a plan’s ABO. During the same time period, the average annuity purchase cost across all insurers...

November 19, 2025
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