When Retirement Faces Climate Risks: Linking Socio-Economic Pathways with Financial Outcomes

By Stephanie Neal & Laurens Swinkels Standard analyses of retirement adequacy focus on financial metrics such as contribution rates and replacement ratios, while climate scenario studies typically emphasize broad macroeconomic outcomes. Neither approach, however, directly addresses what matters most to individuals: the quality of life in retirement. Retirement security under climate change is inherently multidimensional, shaped not only by financial wealth but also by health systems, infrastructure, environmental conditions, and social resilience. We develop an integrated framework that combines qualitative...