August 2026
14Aug

The Effect of Regularization Policies for Migrants on the Labor Market

By Puren Demirel This study reviews the labor-market effects of policies aimed at regularizing irregular migrants, with particular emphasis on amnesty programs and access to legal employment. Drawing on the existing literature and country experiences, it examines the mechanisms through which regularization may affect migrants, local workers, employers, and the broader economy. The analysis highlights that the effects of regularization depend strongly on host-country characteristics, including the size of the informal economy, labor-market structure, welfare arrangements, inspection capacity, and geographical...

August 14, 2026
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12Aug

US. NYC Aging Releases “What the Data Demands” Report on Affordability, Highlighting Economic Challenges Facing Older New Yorkers

The NYC Department for the Aging (NYC Aging) today released What the Data Demands: Findings from Older New Yorkers’ Financial Security, the latest issue paper in a series building on findings from The State of Older New Yorkers, which provides an in-depth examination of the affordability challenges confronting older New Yorkers, including financial insecurity, food insecurity, housing instability, and employment barriers. Drawing on responses from nearly 9,000 older New Yorkers who participated in the City's comprehensive Service Needs Assessment, the...

August 12, 2026
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10Aug

Fewer babies, more retirees: How Europe’s demographic math is changing

Europe is confronting a demographic problem that is becoming increasingly difficult for governments to ignore: fewer children are being born while the number of older people continues to rise. The trend is already visible in shrinking schools, ageing communities and growing pressure on pension and healthcare systems. In the Spanish village of Vilardevos, the change is particularly stark. A primary school originally built for around 700 children now has only 31 pupils. Classes have to be combined because there are not...

August 10, 2026
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July 2026
30Jul

Population Aging Is Here. Immigration Can Offer Half an Answer.

Population aging has become a defining challenge of our time and is galloping ahead faster than predicted. In China, births have now fallen to levels not seen since 1949. But many countries are getting old before they grow rich: Comparable declines are being seen in Latin America, the Middle East, and North Africa. A shrinking workforce means less money to go around and increasing difficulties shouldering the costs of covering health care and pensions for retirees. In many fast-aging, wealthier...

July 30, 2026
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24Jul

2026 Read on Retirement: A new era of retirement

By Black Rock When we look at confidence, we see savers who feel better about retirement than they have in years. But beneath that optimism, retirement income expectations and savings behavior tell a different story. And that gap is not experienced equally. Retirement challenges increasingly vary by generation and gender— revealing a retirement system that is becoming more individualized. Workplace savers increasingly know what they need to do, but competing financial priorities are making it harder to act. The challenge is less...

July 24, 2026
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10Jul

Retirement in America: an Analysis of Retirement Preparedness Among Working-Age Americans

By Joelle Saad-Lessler & Tyler Bond This research examines the retirement preparedness of working-age Americans. The research answers key questions relating to retirement savings, access to retirement plans, and how saving for retirement interacts with other financial commitments, such as repaying student loan debt and owning a home. It also offers a broad examination of how different groups of workers are faring in their preparation for retirement and a consideration of where workers are falling short. The report key findings are...

July 10, 2026
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07Jul

A Brief Age of Billions

Most leading projections show that the world’s population will peak in the second half of the twenty-first century. But what happens after that? Long-term projections by researchers at the University of Texas at Austin find that today’s large global population may be a blip in human history, and that fertility trends could have compounding consequences for population size and age structure far into the future.1 If fertility stays low, four-fifths of all human births may already have occurred. Dean Spears, Sangita...

July 7, 2026
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03Jul

Pension Income and Post-Retirement Labor Supply

By Fabian Kindermann, Carla Krolage, Sebastian Kunz, Manuel Pannier & Karoline Ströhlein This paper provides causal evidence on how pension income affects labor supply after retirement. We exploit the introduction of the German Earned Income Pension Credit (Grundrente), which permanently increased pension income for retirees with long contribution histories and comparatively low lifetime earnings. The reform generates exogenous variation in non-labor income without creating additional labor supply distortions, allowing us to isolate pure income effects. Using administrative data covering the...

July 3, 2026
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June 2026
24Jun

European pension systems face demographic and labor market pressures – PensionsEurope

European pension systems, while built on different national models, are facing broadly similar structural challenges, according to PensionsEurope, Trend's correspondent reports from the event. Speaking at the 11th Azerbaijan International Insurance Forum in Baku, Matti Leppäla, Secretary General and CEO of PensionsEurope, said that although each European country has its own pension framework, many of the underlying problems are shared. He noted that countries such as France, Italy, and Spain rely primarily on state-financed pay-as-you-go pension systems, while several other European states...

June 24, 2026
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16Jun

What one country’s experiment says about attempts to boost birth rates

Sitting on a park bench in the eastern Hungarian city of Debrecen, Barbara Elek is nervously refreshing her emails. She and her husband Levi are waiting to find out if Barbara is pregnant, after their third round of IVF 10 days ago. "If it doesn't succeed, then obviously I'll be devastated, and then the last resort will be trying to make sure that, at least financially, we don't lose everything," she tells BBC Global Women. Like many other young Hungarian couples...

June 16, 2026
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