May 2025

Income and Wealth Inequality in the United States: An Update Including the 2022 Wave

By Moritz Kuhn & José-Victor Ríos-Rull We provide a comprehensive overview of earnings, income and wealth inequality based on the 2022 Survey of Consumer Finances from the United States. We document the current state of inequality and its evolution over the last three decades organizing the data along key demographic dimensions including age, education, and marital status. The 2022 data reveal that wealth remains highly concentrated, with the top 1% holding 35% of total wealth down from a peak of...

Younger Americans Rewriting Rules of Retirement

A majority (55%) of Americans believe that receiving professional financial advice between the ages of 25 and 39 is highly important or even critical for achieving long-term financial stability. The encouraging news is that members of Generation Z and Millennials are not only recognizing this need, but responding to it, according to the Northwestern Mutual 2025 Planning & Progress Study, which surveyed 4,626 U.S. adults aged at least 18 from January 2 through January 19. Of those surveyed, 81% of Gen...

US. PensionBee Launches SEP IRAs To Include Non-Traditional Retirement Savers

PensionBee, a leading online retirement provider, announced today the launch of Simplified Employee Pension (SEP) IRAs in its digital platform. This offering provides a best-in-class retirement solution designed for self-employed individuals. Self-employed Americans consistently report lower levels of retirement preparedness. Only about 13% of self-employed individuals in single-person businesses participate in retirement plans, compared to nearly 72% of traditional employees. The launch comes at a critical time as the gig economy continues its rapid expansion. By 2025, gig workers are expected...

U.S. money managers put on notice by $65 billion Dutch investor

Dutch pension fund PME is issuing a blanket warning to U.S. money managers, amid concerns America’s investment industry is caving in to pressure from the Trump administration to abandon basic principles of stewardship. They “aren’t condemning what Trump is doing and how he is operating and how he is handling issues like climate change and demolishing the judiciary,” Daan Spaargaren, senior strategist for responsible investing, said in an interview. “We are worried about that.” Read also: Hong Kong regulator prods pension...

UK. Only 40 percent know their pension is being invested

6 in 10 people don’t know their pension is invested. Men are far more likely to know their pension is invested – 51% compared to 28% of women. Workplace pension members are typically automatically put into a default fund. Investment returns have a huge influence on people’s pension outcome. Clare Stinton, head of workplace saving analysis, Hargreaves Lansdown: “If you have a pension, you’re an investor. Unfortunately, most people don’t realise this, so they risk missing a golden opportunity...

Why a retirement age of 70 is a bad idea, according to science

If you are counting the years until you can retire, then don’t move to Denmark. The country has just passed a law nudging the official retirement age up to 70, which will take effect in 2040, for people born in 1971 or later. But Denmark is not the only place with this idea. The UK state pension age used to be 60 for women and 65 for men. It is currently 66 for everyone, but it will increase – in stages – up...

More than a third of Americans say they want an ‘adventurous retirement’

Retirement is no longer just about rocking chairs, gardening, grandchildren, or afternoons on the golf course. Instead, it's evolving from what many consider a traditional retirement into something much more dynamic, said Andy Smith, executive director of financial planning at Edelman Financial Engines. "I think it's important that people remember that there is no one-size-fits-all solution to retirement, to retirement planning," Smith said in a recent episode of the Decoding Retirement podcast (see video above or listen below). "There's no one right way to...

US. House passes reconciliation bill that cuts federal employee retirement benefits

The House voted 215-214 along party lines early Thursday morning to pass its budget reconciliation package that includes a slimmer range proposed cuts to federal workers’ retirement benefits. The bill now heads to the Senate for consideration. Last month, the House Oversight and Reform Committee advanced its portion of the bill, which would cut federal spending to partially pay for tax cuts for the wealthy and increased immigration enforcement. The measure included provisions requiring employees previously exempted from higher Federal Employees...

US. Opinion: How good will your retirement be? Depends on where you live.

Geography is destiny, the saying goes, but money redraws the map. It’s certainly true with the U.S. economy, where the bulk of GDP is generated in urban, coastal areas. It’s also true, says a new study, for just how financially well off our retirement may be. This shouldn’t come as a surprise. Urban areas, says a recent Brookings Institution study, outperform rural ones in metrics like GDP per capita, job creation and wage growth; it stands to reason then that benefits, including...

Donald Trump considers order to open US retirement plans to private equity

Donald Trump’s administration is debating an executive order that could open the nearly $9tn US retirement market to private capital groups focused on corporate takeovers, property and other high-octane deals. The order would instruct agencies such as the departments of labour and Treasury and the Securities and Exchange Commission to study the feasibility of opening 401k plans, a primary vehicle for US retirement savings, to the private funds, according to four sources familiar with the talks. Trump opened the door for...