August 2025

Competition Among Dutch Pension Funds: Is there Any?

By Jacob Antoon Bikker & Jeroen Meringa This paper adds to the literature by analysing for the first time the functioning of the Dutch pension funds market from a competition or efficiency perspective. Of course, competition is severely limited on this highly regulated market. The analyses focus on a key property of well-functioning markets: the reward of efficiency. The conclusion can be drawn that in the market for pension funds efficiency is indeed rewarded, up to a certain level. New...

July 2025

Greener Pensions, Greener Choices: Linking Investments to Sustainable Behavior

By Olga Balakina, Charlotte Christiansen & Malene Kallestrup Lamb This paper examines how offering sustainable investment options influences sustainable consumption behavior. We combine a natural experiment in which individuals receive an option to switch to a pension plan with a strong sustainability profile with detailed household register data. This sustainable option improves sustainable consumption, as reflected in electric vehicle adoption and reduced vehicle emissions. The effect is primarily driven by individuals who do not choose the sustainable plan. We show that...

When Uncertainties Matter: the Causal Effect of Cryptocurrency Investment on Retirement Hardship Withdrawals

By Zefeng Bai, Pengcheng Wang & hengwei zhang Cryptocurrencies are invested in by approximately 15% of U.S. households. However, the high volatility of these assets poses substantial financial risks, particularly as 40% of U.S. households already face potential retirement shortages. Therefore, the present study aims at investigating the impact of cryptocurrency investment on retirement borrowing. Our causal analysis of 1,912 respondents revealed that cryptocurrency investors are 7.4% more likely to make a hardship withdrawal from their retirement accounts. This study provides...

National Pension Fund and Stock Liquidity: Evidence from Korea

By Eunyoung Cho & Cheol-Won Yang We investigate the impact of the national pension’s trading on individual stock liquidity. While prior research has primarily focused on the effects of national pension funds on market performance or volatility, this paper shifts attention to liquidity, a relatively underexplored dimension of market quality. Utilizing detailed transaction-level data from the National Pension Service (NPS) of Korea between 2010 and 2019, we assess the relationship between NPS trading activity and stock liquidity by employing both...

May 2025

Investor Fiduciary Duties in the Crosshairs – Targeting a Mirage

By Susan N. Gary, Keith L. Johnson & Nicholas W. Zuiker The fiduciary duties of institutional investors have become a hot issue amongst policymakers and courts, with the future financial security of millions of American workers and savers at stake. Unfortunately, many recent policy debates and court opinions on investor fiduciary duties demonstrate only a limited understanding of fiduciary duty principles.  A more complete appreciation of the full range of investor fiduciary duties is essential to inform policy and court decisions that...

Beyond the Bottom Line: How ESG Engagement Reshapes Pension Fund Strategy

By Allen Mendenhall & Daniel Sutter The study suggests that pension funds have developed methods to advance ESG objectives without significantly changing their investment portfolios. This approach enables them to influence corporate behavior while maintaining financial positions. However, all pensions and investors may suffer reduced returns when activism undermines value-creating investment. Pension systems that merely engage, rather than divest, may not underperform compared to other funds, but their tactics allow government-backed entities to exert extraordinary influence without sufficient accountability or...

April 2025

The future of pensions and retail investment in the EU

By Maximilian Bierbaum & Sheenam Singhal In the debate on the future of capital markets in Europe, widening retirement saving and widening retail investment are the potential missing link. But there is a danger that by dealing with the two topics in isolation, EU policymakers will miss the bigger picture. We think this needs to change. Neither pensions nor more retail investment can solve this problem on their own. To really move the dial, we need both – and there...

ESG investing: a global investor survey

By AXA Investment Managers We are committed to responsible investing and supporting the transition to sustainable economies. As long-term custodians of wealth, we strive to identify and back environmental, social and governance (ESG) leaders that can protect and grow client portfolios. In doing so, we believe that understanding customer perspectives is paramount, which is why we carried out this extensive study on individual views toward ESG investing across various markets, regions, and demographics.   Get the report here

March 2025

2024 financial services monitor know better do better

By Old Mutual The key objective of the Old Mutual Financial Services Monitor is to provide a deep understanding of the working Ghanaian market, uncovering financial attitudes, perceptions, and behaviour in the informal and formal sectors. What makes Old Mutual’s Financial Services Monitor unique, is that its core objective is to support Old Mutual’s drive to champion the financial well-being of Ghanaians. This is aligned to Old Mutual’s overall purpose of becoming our customers’ first choice to sustain, grow and protect...

February 2025

Politics Before Pensions: How New ESG Rules Expose Public Pension System Vulnerabilities

By Danilo Risteski As some of the largest institutional investors in the United States, public pension funds wield considerable power over investment decisions. A recent trend highlights this extraordinary power: state pension funds have started exploiting their retirees’ pensions to force investment companies to invest in accordance with their respective states’ political priorities. Nowhere is this trend more obvious than in the environmental, social, and governance field. On one hand, states like Maine have passed legislation prohibiting public pension funds...