November 2025

The smart decision 20 years ago that saved a Japanese town

Akiyas are perhaps the most visible sign of the country’s ageing population, which has shrunk for 16 consecutive years as the fertility rate has collapsed and deaths have outpaced births. Hundreds of rural villages are at risk of disappearing in coming decades. There are about 9 million akiyas across Japan, even in major cities such as Tokyo and Osaka, but you need to venture only an hour or two outside metro areas to find them in abundance. In the village of...

Why private pensions can’t fix the ageing problem

Across Europe, politicians increasingly tout private pensions as a cure-all for reviving stagnant stock exchanges, fostering entrepreneurship and curbing ballooning public spending as populations age. But any governments that bet on this solution may be disappointed. A proliferation of individual piggybanks will not solve the deeper challenges that flow from having purchasing power ever-more concentrated in older hands. According to the United Nations, Europe’s population aged 20 to 64 will shrink by 31% between now and 2100, while longer lifespans...

IRS Releases Updated Retirement Plan Annual Limits and Includes Unexpected Increase

The IRS released the cost-of-living adjustments for qualified defined contribution plans for the 2026 tax year (IRS Notice 2025-67). The following chart summarizes the key increases applicable to defined contribution plans for 2026: 2026 2025 Defined contribution plan limit $72,000 $70,000 Elective deferral limit (401(k), 403(b), and 457(b)) $24,500 $23,500 Catch-up contributions (Age 50+) $8,000 $7,500 Super catch contributions (age 60-63) $11,250 $11,250 Roth catch-up wage threshold for 2025 $150,000 Annual compensation limit $360,000 $350,000 Unexpected by many employers, the IRS changed the Roth catch-up contribution FICA wage threshold for 2025 (used to determine the limited status for 2026) from...

Is Rachel Reeves About to Shake Up UK Pensions in the Autumn Budget?

Without changes to the personal allowance, the ‘triple lock’ is set to push pensioners into the taxpayer bracket. The UK state pension guarantee is unlikely to be changed at the Autumn Budget but could be axed in the future. The chancellor is already under significant strain after a reported U-turn on raising income tax. Some UK pensioners could pay tax for the first time if further increases to the UK state pension push them over a key income tax threshold. This could...

Milliman analysis: Competitive pension risk transfer cost declines to 100.1% during October

Milliman, Inc., a premier global consulting and actuarial firm, today announced the latest results of its Milliman Pension Buyout Index (MPBI). During October, the estimated cost to transfer retiree pension risk to an insurer in a competitive bidding process decreased from 100.5% to 100.1% of a plan’s accounting liabilities (accumulated benefit obligation, or ABO). That means the estimated retiree PRT cost is now 100.1% of a plan’s ABO. During the same time period, the average annuity purchase cost across all insurers...

Nigeria. Pension fund soars to N26tn

Nigeria’s pension fund assets recorded 22.03 per cent growth as of the end of the third quarter, as they rose by more than N4.71tn, with Pension Fund Administrators deepening their allocation to Federal Government securities, according to the latest monthly data released by the National Pension Commission. The figures, contained in PenCom’s latest Monthly Industry Report, indicated that total pension assets increased from N21.38tn in September 2024 to N26.09tn in September 2025, marking a robust year-on-year expansion of the Contributory...

The Offshoring of America’s Retirement Savings

Private equity firms and other alternative asset managers — including Ares Management Corp., Blackstone Inc., Brookfield Corp. and KKR & Co. — are reshaping the once-staid world of life insurance. Over the past decade, they’ve bought, built or partnered with insurers that sell policies and annuities, collectively commanding hundreds of billions of dollars. In a previous era, life insurers parked their money in the safest corners of the market — mostly high-grade bonds and big-name stocks. But as Wall Street...

UK Pensions briefing | Government gives the green light to major collective DC expansion

The Government has published a response to its October 2024 consultation on the extension of the collective defined contribution (CDC) scheme regime to unconnected employers. It has also published and laid before Parliament final draft regulations which are due to come into force on July 31, 2026. In addition, it has published a consultation paper on “Retirement CDC” schemes offering a default income solution for members at retirement. The consultation closes on December 4, 2025. What are CDC schemes? In a CDC scheme, employers’ and members’...

Germany’s Merz confronts conservative rebellion over pension reform

German Chancellor Friedrich Merz is facing rising opposition — but this time it’s from within his own conservative ranks. A group of 18 young lawmakers in Merz’s conservative bloc are threatening to stop a pension reform bill put forth by the chancellor’s coalition government, arguing the benefits pledged in the agreement aren’t sustainable and “cannot be justified to the younger generation.” The revolt has turned into a test of Merz’s authority and the durability of his relatively weak government — a coalition between...

ILO Advances Its Work on Social Protection in Ukraine, Supporting the Country’s Ongoing Pension Reform

The ILO team engaged in constructive dialogue with Ukrainian partners. A key discussion took place with Denys Ulutin, Minister of Social Policy, Family and Unity, who shared the Government’s approach to building a system that is resilient and forward-looking. The goal of the policies we are working on is a contemporary, sustainable system that supports people and the economy. It is not only about benefits, but also about creating conditions for development. Denys Ulutin, Minister of Social Policy, Family and Unity...