Brazil’s Demographic Transition and the Future of Social Protection: Rethinking Pension Policy for an Ageing Society

By Valter Manuel Gomes Neto Brazil's rapid demographic transition presents growing challenges for the sustainability, coverage, and adequacy of its pension system. Although the 2019 pension reform improved fiscal sustainability, population ageing and persistent labour informality continue to place pressure on pension financing and old-age income security. Drawing on existing research and policy evidence, this policy brief examines the trade-offs between fiscal consolidation, contributory coverage, and non-contributory income protection. It argues that future pension reform should move beyond a predominantly...