November 2025

CalPERS becomes first US pension to adopt total portfolio approach

The board of California Public Employees’ Retirement System – with a few trepidations – officially approved the transition to its long-anticipated total portfolio approach at a meeting this week, providing staff more discretion in investment decisions. For the past year, CalPERS staff have pitched the TPA model as offering added flexibility and an opportunity to focus on investments that can best contribute to performance, instead of those that best fit pre-set allocation targets for asset classes. Stephen Gilmore, the system’s CIO,...

IRS Releases Updated Retirement Plan Annual Limits and Includes Unexpected Increase

The IRS released the cost-of-living adjustments for qualified defined contribution plans for the 2026 tax year (IRS Notice 2025-67). The following chart summarizes the key increases applicable to defined contribution plans for 2026: 2026 2025 Defined contribution plan limit $72,000 $70,000 Elective deferral limit (401(k), 403(b), and 457(b)) $24,500 $23,500 Catch-up contributions (Age 50+) $8,000 $7,500 Super catch contributions (age 60-63) $11,250 $11,250 Roth catch-up wage threshold for 2025 $150,000 Annual compensation limit $360,000 $350,000 Unexpected by many employers, the IRS changed the Roth catch-up contribution FICA wage threshold for 2025 (used to determine the limited status for 2026) from...

The Offshoring of America’s Retirement Savings

Private equity firms and other alternative asset managers — including Ares Management Corp., Blackstone Inc., Brookfield Corp. and KKR & Co. — are reshaping the once-staid world of life insurance. Over the past decade, they’ve bought, built or partnered with insurers that sell policies and annuities, collectively commanding hundreds of billions of dollars. In a previous era, life insurers parked their money in the safest corners of the market — mostly high-grade bonds and big-name stocks. But as Wall Street...

Public Pensions and Private Savings

By Esteban García-Miralles & Jonathan M. Leganza How does the provision of public pension benefits impact private savings? We answer this question in the context of a Danish reform that increased social security eligibility ages. Using administrative data and a regression discontinuity design, we identify the causal effects of the policy on savings throughout the financial portfolio. We find increases in contributions to personal and employer-sponsored retirement accounts when delayed benefit eligibility induces extended employment. We argue that inertia—the continuation...

Vanguard Introduces How America Retires, Analyzing America’s Retirement Revolution

Vanguard introduces the inaugural How America Retires report, a companion to How America Saves, that analyzes Vanguard retirement plan data and industry trends, uncovering insights into the behaviors, decisions, and challenges faced by Americans in retirement. As defined contribution (DC) plans continue to dominate the retirement landscape, How America Retires explores income-generation strategies in retirement and the critical role 401(k) plan design plays in shaping retiree outcomes. With more than four million Americans turning 65 this year1 and significant progress...

How America Retires: Turning complexity into clarity

By Vanguard This year, roughly 4.2 million people will turn age 65.* These individuals, collectively the so-called silver tsunami, are preparing to leave working life behind and enter a fulfilling and rewarding retirement. That’s exactly why we’ve created How America Retires, Vanguard’s new report that spotlights behavioral trends, insights, and plan design best practices to help today’s retirees make the life-changing transition from saving their money to spending it. Get the report here

Trans troops sue United States Air Force over revoked pensions after 15–18 years of service

A group of trans veterans, lead by Master Sergeant Logan Ireland, 37, (pictured) is suing the United States Air Force after being stripped of retirement benefits they say were promised to them following years of honourable service. The lawsuit, filed on 10 November in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, involves 17 former Air Force and Space Force members who each served between 15 and 18 years. Under the Temporary Early Retirement Authority (TERA), they were initially granted early retirement in June, only for the Air Force to...

The rise of solo aging: How people in the US are preparing to grow older alone

The Society of Actuaries (SOA) Research Institute recently published a series of guides designed to assist solo agers with key financial and retirement decisions. In addition, the SOA published survey findings on the growing phenomenon of “solo aging” in the U.S. Solo agers are individuals who, as they grow older, navigate life and retirement without the traditional support network of close family members or partners. The consumer survey includes responses from Americans aged 50 or older who identify as solo agers. It provides insights into aging,...

US. The Realistic Minimum Retirement Savings Needed, According to Experts

You may have heard you need at least $1 million in the bank to retire. The truth is, a comfortable retirement will look different for everyone. Some people might need much more than that, and some might only need $700,000 to retire comfortably. So what’s a more realistic minimum number you should aim for? Why the $1 Million Rule Doesn’t Work for Everyone Retirement costs can look very different depending on where you live, how healthy you are, whether you have a...

US. Federal Guarantees Should Continue After Pension Risk Transfers

Nationally recognized ERISA attorneys Kevin O'Brien and Spencer Walters of Ivins, Phillips & Barker (IPB) have released a new white paper, "The Forgotten Promise: Why PBGC Retirement Benefit Guarantees Should Continue After Pension Risk Transfer Transactions."  Their paper challenges the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation's decades-old position that retirees lose federal protection once pensions are converted to annuities – a stance the authors argue contradicts the statute, legislative history, and the PBGC's own original interpretation. The paper traces how, in 1981, the PBGC took the...