June 2025

Ghana’s pension crisis: low incomes, shrinking returns, and an uncertain future

As Ghana grapples with the rising cost of living, concerns over the adequacy and sustainability of pensions continue to dominate public discourse. Speaking on the Asaase Breakfast Show on Thursday (19 June), leading voices in pension regulation, fund management, and retirees’ welfare painted a sobering picture of a system straining under low contributions, limited investment options, and rising economic pressure. Hayford Atta Krufi, former Chief Executive Officer of the National Pensions Regulatory Authority (NPRA), laid bare a fundamental truth: the nation’s pension crisis begins...

UK. Focus on members amid government reform demands, LGPS urged

The Local Government Pension Scheme (LGPS) needs to retain a focus on the “day job” of providing pensions for some of the UK’s poorest paid workers, despite the significant distractions posed by government reform and other demands. Speaking at an industry conference this week, Roger Phillips, chair of the LGPS Scheme Advisory Board for England and Wales, said the government was “very interested in us” – which he warned presented a challenge to the system’s existence. “But we need to keep doing our...

Pensioner poverty in Europe: Which countries have the highest rates?

In most European countries, the average income of people over 65 is lower than that of the total population, according to the OECD. In several cases, elderly incomes fall below 80% of the national average, contributing to significantly high poverty rates among pensioners. So, how do these levels of financial precarity vary across Europe? In which countries do pensioners face the highest levels of poverty? And how does elderly income compare to the national average? Income poverty rates measure the proportion...

LGBTQ+ Americans Face Retirement Inequities

By Pension Rights Center Pride Month is observed each June to mark the 1969 Stonewall Uprising that sparked the LGBTQ+  rights movement in the United States. Celebrations are centered around building community, recognizing the progress made towards equality, and honoring those who have made that progress possible. But Pride Month is also an opportunity to reflect on the work yet to be done, including the inequities that persist when it comes to the retirement income security of LGBTQ+ older adults. According...

Optimal Income Redistribution

By Pavel Brendler, Eva Carceles-Poveda & Arpad Abraham We study whether a redesign of the social security and income tax-and-transfer systems can deliver significant welfare gains. Our rich quantitative model features both realistic inequality over the life-cycle and the key main channels through which redistributive policies can distort aggregate allocations. We find that there are two distinct ways to achieve significant welfare gains with joint policy reforms. The first prioritizes reducing distortions through a regressive pension system, resulting in higher...

May 2025

Income and Wealth Inequality in the United States: An Update Including the 2022 Wave

By Moritz Kuhn & José-Victor Ríos-Rull We provide a comprehensive overview of earnings, income and wealth inequality based on the 2022 Survey of Consumer Finances from the United States. We document the current state of inequality and its evolution over the last three decades organizing the data along key demographic dimensions including age, education, and marital status. The 2022 data reveal that wealth remains highly concentrated, with the top 1% holding 35% of total wealth down from a peak of...

Survey shows cost and awareness gaps hinder access to voluntary insurance in Canada

A national survey conducted by Environics Research revealed gaps between Canadian employees’ desire for voluntary benefits and their access to them. The survey found that most employees consider benefits essential to their happiness and job retention. According to the results, 93 percent of respondents said benefits and insurance options directly influence their workplace satisfaction and decision to remain with their employer. Despite this, only 2 percent said they would ask their employer for more insurance options, even though 66 percent expressed interest...

April 2025

Adequacy of future retirement incomes: new evidence for private sector employees

By Jonathan Cribb, Laurence O'Brien & David Sturrock In this report and the accompanying report on policy recommendations (Cribb et al., 2024a), we focus on the outlook for the adequacy of employees’ retirement incomes and changes to automatic enrolment. We do not here consider reforms that we broadly define as aimed at changing investments, costs and returns (including ‘pot for life’ and collective defined contribution pensions) but will return to consider these later in the Pensions Review. A separate report...

March 2025

2024 Informal Economy Report

By Moniepoint The informal economy, also known as the shadow economy, comprises businesses that are typically described as untaxed and unregistered. And it is all around you: your family, neighbours, and even friends who have side hustles to supplement their income. This report weaves critical data, insights and expert perspectives to illuminate and help you understand Nigeria’s shadow economy. Get the report here

Minimum Wage Policy and the Gender Wage Gap

By Hang Anh Nguyen, Martin O'Brien & Alfredo Paloyo Minimum wage policies have become a nearly universal feature of modern labour markets, with over 90% of countries implementing statutory wage floors since 2012 (Del Carpio & Pabon, 2014). Yet, despite their widespread adoption, the economic effects of minimum wages remain highly contested. Advocates argue that they boost earnings for lowwage workers, reduce income inequality, and mitigate poverty, while critics contend that they suppress productivity, distort wage structures, and incentivise firms...