November 2025
20Nov

The smart decision 20 years ago that saved a Japanese town

Akiyas are perhaps the most visible sign of the country’s ageing population, which has shrunk for 16 consecutive years as the fertility rate has collapsed and deaths have outpaced births. Hundreds of rural villages are at risk of disappearing in coming decades. There are about 9 million akiyas across Japan, even in major cities such as Tokyo and Osaka, but you need to venture only an hour or two outside metro areas to find them in abundance. In the village of...

November 20, 2025
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10Nov

UK. Radical reforms to State Pension system proposed as government battles rising bills – Steve Webb

Experts at pension consultancy LCP specialising in State Pension policy and in demographic trends have joined forces to recommend major changes to the State Pension system. LCP’s ideas have been fed into the Government’s review of the State Pension Age, and would help to square the circle between the need to increase pension ages and the need to avoid penalising those whose life expectancy is much lower than average. One key measure used by the Government to assess the sustainability...

November 10, 2025
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06Nov

Japan’s welfare crackdown targets foreign residents over unpaid pensions, health insurance

As Japan’s social contract comes under strain, Sanae Takaichi is moving swiftly on a campaign promise to make foreign residents shoulder their fair share of the health and pensions burden. The proposed reforms, set in motion just weeks after Takaichi’s historic appointment as the country’s first female prime minister, aim to address mounting public concern about inequality and the sustainability of its ageing welfare state. At her first ministerial meeting dedicated to issues regarding foreign nationals, Takaichi on Tuesday directed cabinet...

November 6, 2025
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October 2025
21Oct

Japan’s GPIF underlines impact shift in sustainability report

Japan’s Government Pension Investment Fund (GPIF), the world’s largest pension fund with ¥260trn (€1.5trn) in assets under management, has taken a further step towards adoption of a more impact-oriented investment strategy with the publication of its latest ‘Sustainability Investment’ report. The name change for an annual publication previously known as an ESG report seeks to entrench GPIF’s move towards a more sustainability-linked investment strategy that considered social and environmental impact in addition to ESG-related measures. The shift in thinking was signalled in policies...

October 21, 2025
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03Oct

Part-Time Penalties and Heterogeneous Retirement Decisions

By Kanta Ogawa Older male workers exhibit diverse retirement behaviors across occupations and respond differently to policy changes, influenced significantly by the part-time penalty—wage reduction faced by part-time workers compared to their full-time counterparts. Many older individuals reduce their working hours, and in occupations with high part-time penalties, they tend to retire earlier, as observed in data from Japan and the United States. This study develops a general equilibrium model that incorporates occupational choices, endogenous labor supply, highlighting that the...

October 3, 2025
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September 2025
17Sep

Japan sets new world record for having nearly 100,000 centenarian citizens

Japan has once again broken its own world record for the highest number of people aged 100 or older, with nearly 100,000 centenarians now living in the island nation. This milestone marks the 55th consecutive year that Japan has held this distinction, demonstrating the country's remarkable trend of longevity among its population. Women represent an overwhelming majority of Japan's centenarians, accounting for 88% of those who have reached the century mark. The achievement comes as no surprise, given Japan's status as having...

September 17, 2025
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August 2025
28Aug

Japan and South Korea Task Force To Tackle Birth Rate Crisis

Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba and South Korean President Lee Jae Myung have agreed to launch a joint task force to tackle shared issues of concern, including birth rates. Why It Matters More than half of the world's countries now have total fertility rates below the replacement level of 2.1 births per woman needed to sustain a population. Longer lifespans, rising living costs and shifting social attitudes among younger generations have contributed to the decline. South Korea (0.75) and Japan (1.15) have among the...

August 28, 2025
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July 2025
07Jul

Japan’s US$1.7 trillion fund boosts ESG holdings as others flee

Japan’s US$1.7 trillion Government Pension Investment Fund (GPIF) has added to its environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investments, rejecting the shift away from green strategies by many global asset managers. GPIF held about 18.2 trillion yen (S$160.5 billion) of assets tracking ESG indexes at the end of March – or 14.7 per cent of the fund’s equity investments – up from 17.8 trillion yen a year earlier, according to documents published on Friday (Jul 4). The fund posted a quarterly...

July 7, 2025
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02Jul

What the U.S. can learn from Japan’s experience with an aging population

The U.S. population is older than ever, and that trend is accelerating. As baby boomers age and birth rates decline, the country is heading toward a demographic reality that Japan has been grappling with for decades. In Japan, more than one in 10 people is now over the age of 80, and nearly a third of the population is over 65. This marks a dramatic shift that has reshaped healthcare, the economy, city infrastructure, and cultural norms. By learning from Japan’s...

July 2, 2025
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June 2025
24Jun

Japan proposes significant increases in defined contribution pension plan contribution limits

Japan is proposing various increases to contribution limits for both employer-sponsored defined contribution (DC) pension plans and individual defined contribution pension plans (iDeCo). These proposed changes aim to enhance retirement income security for participants and enable more individuals to contribute meaningfully to their pension savings. Background The Ministry of Finance included these changes as part of its proposed tax reforms for 2025. At this stage, the changes are still pending consideration and have yet to take effect. If finalized, the changes...

June 24, 2025
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