April 2025

Older Workers Face New Risks because of the COVID-19 Recession

By Siavash Radpour, Aida Farmand & Teresa Ghilarducci For the large cohort of older workers, the significant difference between the COVID-19 recession and previous ones is the combined effect of the economic recession and the health risks of the COVID-19 outbreak. Older workers are facing the high health risks of working during a pandemic, on the one hand, as well as the risk of losing their jobs, on the other hand, which can lead to significantly lower wages in the...

US pension funds pay the price for tariff turmoil

PitchBook’s recently released pension fund tracker shows that the top 50 US funds returned an average 7.4% over the past ten years. There is very little dispersion around that figure, with the best performer, the US$205 billion Washington State Investment Board achieving 8.9%, and the worst, the $123 billion North Carolina Retirement Systems, achieving 5.5%. The one-year data, however, looks far better, with an average return of 10.8%. The California Public Employees' Retirement System, the top fund with some $341.4...

US.Cambia la jubilación en todo el país: cómo cumplir con el nuevo trámite obligatorio paso a paso

La Administración del Seguro Social (SSA) anunció un nuevo requisito obligatorio para quienes deseen solicitar los beneficios por jubilación del Seguro Social. Según lo informado por la agencia federal, el trámite para solicitar la jubilación desde hoy 14 de abril cambiará para todo el país con el objetivo de reforzar las medidas de seguridad, exigiendo que los adultos mayores cumplan con la nueva disposición de manera obligatoria. Aunque inicialmente las condiciones actualizadas del proceso aplicaban a todos los potenciales beneficiarios de las prestaciones de...

US. The Real Retirement Crisis

Not long ago, I picked up a book that states “why (almost) everything you know about the US retirement system is wrong” — and it’s definitely worth a read. The book — entitled The Real Retirement Crisis: Why (Almost) Everything You Know About the US Retirement System Is Wrong — is the work of American Enterprise Institute senior fellow Andrew Biggs — and it’s a comprehensive assessment of any number of the misstatements, mischaracterizations, flawed assumptions and downright obfuscations that plague any...

US, Beyond the 401(k): 3 Strategies To Retire Comfortably and Still Leave Money Behind

For many Americans, having a plan to leave money for their loved ones is a priority. According to a recent Empower survey, 40% of Americans say that leaving an inheritance for their children is part of having a happy retirement. If this is one of your financial goals, you’ll likely need to look beyond your 401(k) to ensure you can save for your retirement and still have money left over. Here are three strategies you should consider to help you build a financial legacy. Diversify Your...

The Social Security Retirement Age

By Congressional Research Service The Social Security full retirement age (FRA) is the age at which workers can first claim full (i.e., unreduced) Social Security retired-worker benefits.1 Among other factors, the age at which an individual begins receiving Social Security benefits has an impact on the size of the monthly benefits. Claiming benefits before the FRA can substantially reduce monthly benefits, whereas claiming benefits after the FRA can lead to a substantial increase in monthly benefits. Benefit adjustments are made...

Unequal Inflationary Effects of Tariffs across Socio-Demographic Groups

By Hakan Yilmazkuday This paper investigates the heterogeneous effects of U.S. tariffs on inflation across socio-demographic groups, utilizing a structural vector autoregression model that controls for oil prices, output growth, policy rates, and exchange rates. The aggregate tariff pass-through to inflation is estimated at 0.51, with tariffs accounting for approximately 17% of overall inflation volatility. Disaggregated analysis reveals significant variation, where tariff pass-through ranges from 0.38 to 0.55 across income percentiles, with higher income groups experiencing greater pass-through and a...

Tariffs, Tokens, and Turmoil: The Market Fallout from Trump’s Policy Uncertainty

By David Krause This paper investigates the financial consequences of economic policy shifts following President Trump's second inauguration in January 2025. Using empirical data from April 2024 through April 7, 2025, this study assesses asset performance across U.S. equities, cryptocurrencies, gold, and bonds. The administration's aggressive trade protectionism, ambiguous digital asset directives, and deregulatory approach to artificial intelligence have triggered heightened market volatility, diminished investor confidence, and a rotation toward defensive assets. Indexed returns reveal that traditional safe havens like...

Top U.S. pension funds lost US$169 billion after tariff shock

The top 25 state and local U.S. pension investment funds suffered an estimated paper loss of US$169 billion in public equities after U.S. President Trump’s tariff announcement. The losses came in the four trading days between April 3 and April 8, following U.S. Trump’s announcement on global tariffs, according to a report by Equable Institute, a New York-based the bipartisan nonprofit organization that focuses on pensions. For the whole year so far, the top funds have lost an estimated US$249...

US. Social Security rule-reversals, office closures, cost cuts: here’s what’s happening now.

The Social Security Administration is about to get a new commissioner, but that’s only the latest of a series of changes at the agency since the inauguration of President Donald Trump. Frank Bisignano, the chief executive officer of fintech company Fiserv FI -3.34%, is on the path to confirmation as the next Social Security Administration commissioner. The Senate Finance Committee advanced the nomination after his hearing at the end of March, and he is now awaiting scheduling of the final...