September 2025

The world’s largest pension funds – 2025

The global top 300 pension funds is an annual study conducted by the Thinking Ahead Institute, in conjunction with Pensions and Investments. The research highlights high-level trends in the pension fund industry and provides information on how the characteristics of these top funds have changed. The world’s top 300 pensions funds now stand at a record US$ 24.4 trillion This surpasses the previous record set in 2021, completing a three year recovery Yet asset growth slowed in 2024, increasing by 7.8% from...

2025 Read on Retirement survey

By BlackRock Workplace savers are feeling more confident about retirement—but plan sponsors aren’t on the same page. As the gap in outlook widens, advisors have a critical role to play. Uncover the insights shaping this divide. Navigating uncertainty and a growing divide Saver confidence is up but fragile. This year’s dip underscores how closely confidence tracks with market volatility. And while savers feel increasingly sure, only 38% of employers believe the majority of their employees are truly on track—a record low. The...

Social infrastructure law in the UK, EU and US

By Ewan McGaughey What should be the goals of social infrastructure, and the best means to achieve them? Social infrastructure is a new term to describe the welfare state, whose conceptual foundations were laid in Lord Beveridge’s Report, Social Insurance and Allied Services (1942). A good government, said Beveridge, should tackle five evil ‘giants’, namely disease, ignorance, squalor, idleness, and want. These could be overcome with a universal free health service, public education, public housing, full employment, and income insurance...

Ndc Benchmarking and Actuarial Fairness in Spain’s Db Pensions: Retirement, Disability, and Survivor Reversibility

By Carlos Vidal-Meliá We apply an actuarially grounded Notional Defined Contribution (NDC) counterfactual to benchmark Spain’s pay‑as‑you‑go Defined Benefit (DB) pensions using administrative microdata (MCVL, 2015–2023). From observed contribution histories we reconstruct notional capital, price DB liabilities with contingency‑, gender‑ and income‑stratified mortality—adding severity‑ and onset‑adjusted tables for disability—and quantify actuarial fairness via money’s‑worth ratios (MWR), real internal rates of return (IRR), and notional–cost gaps. A unified treatment of retirement, disability, and survivor reversibility employs joint‑life valuation.Results show pervasive actuarial...

Economic and Distributional Effects of Demographic Shifts: Evaluating Pay-as-You-Go and Fully Funded Pension Schemes Based on the Greek Experience

By Zois Gerasimos Katsimigas, Christos Papatheodorou This paper examines economic and distributional consequences of demographic shifts by comparing pay-as-you-go (PAYG) and fully funded (FF) pension schemes in a macroeconomic framework, using Greece as a case study. Facing acute ageing and population decline, Greece provides a unique context to assess the performance of these schemes. We develop a post-Keynesian stock-flow consistent (SFC) model calibrated to the Greek economy to simulate the macroeconomic and distributional outcomes of both schemes under projected demographic...

Alcances de la reforma al sistema de pensiones de 2020

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal mostrar los alcances de la reforma al sistema de pensiones de 2020; haciendo énfasis en las implicaciones para los trabajadores afiliados al sistema de cuentas individuales del sector privado. Para esto, se ofrece una descripción general del Sistema de Ahorro para el Retiro (SAR), basada en la evolución que han tenido sus principales variables, desde su creación hasta el cierre de 2023. En este sentido, se analizarán los indicadores más sobresalientes...

Encuesta sobre trabajadores en plataformas digitales basadas en la web

Por: Organización Internacional del Trabajo Este informe resume una encuesta a 1,153 trabajadores de plataformas digitales en América Latina y el Caribe. Analiza su perfil, condiciones laborales e ingresos, revelando precariedad, informalidad y falta de protección social. El 52% usa estas plataformas como ingreso secundario, con ingresos cercanos al salario mínimo. Se destaca la necesidad de políticas para asegurar trabajo decente. El estudio analiza el trabajo en plataformas digitales basadas en la web en América Latina y el Caribe mediante una...

Fuerza de trabajo y envejecimiento poblacional

Este documento presenta proyecciones de la fuerza laboral (o fuerza de trabajo) en Colombia hasta 2070, en el contexto del cambio demográfico y sus implicaciones económicas. Los cálculos se hacen a partir de microdatos de la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares (GEIH), proyecciones poblacionales del DANE y estimaciones de la CEPAL sobre la evolución futura de la fuerza laboral colombiana hasta 2050. Adicionalmente, se consideran escenarios alternativos que incorporan la reciente disminución de la tasa de nacimientos en el...

July 2025

US. Trump could open up your 401(k) to private equity. Why market experts say it’s a bad idea.

The Wall Street Journal reported on Tuesday that Trump is expected to sign an executive order in the coming days allowing 401(k) plans to invest their assets in private equity. It's a proposal that's raising red flags among some investment experts, who say a 401(k) should typically be a simple and relatively low-risk investment vehicle. Private equity investments, meanwhile, are often concentrated in a small number of portfolio companies, illiquid, and carry valuations that can be difficult to measure day-to-day....

México. Cierran las Afore el semestre con plusvalías por 534 mil mdp

En el primer semestre las administradoras de fondos para el retiro (Afore) obtuvieron plusvalías para los trabajadores por 534 mil 180 millones de pesos, una cifra sin precedente para un periodo similar, reveló este martes la Comisión Nacional del Sistema de Ahorro para el Retiro (Consar). De acuerdo con cifras del organismo regulador y supervisor, sólo en junio pasado las 10 administradoras que operan en el país consiguieron plusvalías por 82 mil 542 millones de pesos, con lo que lograron...