November 2025

Pension sustainability and government effectiveness in the presence of population aging

By Dooyeon Cho & Kyung-woo Lee This study investigates the nonlinear effect of population aging on pension sustainability, contingent on perceived government effectiveness. Analyzing heterogeneous panel data for 15 OECD economies over the period 2002–2019, our findings reveal nonlinear patterns and evolving dynamics over time. We find that the negative impact of population aging on pension sustainability intensifies significantly as government effectiveness diminishes, indicating that the manner in which government policies are implemented and managed significantly influences how effectively pension systems can...

How America Retires: Turning complexity into clarity

By Vanguard This year, roughly 4.2 million people will turn age 65.* These individuals, collectively the so-called silver tsunami, are preparing to leave working life behind and enter a fulfilling and rewarding retirement. That’s exactly why we’ve created How America Retires, Vanguard’s new report that spotlights behavioral trends, insights, and plan design best practices to help today’s retirees make the life-changing transition from saving their money to spending it. Get the report here

Factores que han incidido sobre el reciente incremento en las aportaciones a los fondos de ahorro para el retiro en México

Por Banco de México A partir de 2023, las aportaciones a los fondos de ahorro para el retiro de los trabajadores en México se han expandido en mayor magnitud respecto a lo que se observó en años anteriores. Dichos flujos financieros se constituyen por las contribuciones que realizan el patrón, el gobierno y el mismo trabajador a las cuentas individuales de cada persona asegurada, en conformidad con la Ley del Seguro Social.1 Estos recursos, que son gestionados por las Administradoras de...

Influencia del Recaudo Fiscal en el Sistema General de Pensiones Colombiano

Por Juan David Hernández-Mora, Valentina Paz-Pérez & Oscar Marino López-Mallama  El país experimentó un cambio sustancial en 1993 cuando tuvo lugar la reforma de su sistema pensional y de salud mediante la Ley 100, la cual escindió el hasta entonces control estatal de la seguridad social y creó un sistema dual, vigente hasta la fecha, y que consiste en un régimen denominado de Prima Media(RPM)y en otrodenominado de Ahorro Individual(RAI). Esta investigación pretendió estudiar el recaudo fiscal y su relación...

Retirement reality: Managing money in mid-retirement

By Aviva People in their mid-70s overwhelmingly report that they want the security of an income for life, yet very few are confident that their savings will last. Many underestimate how long they need to budget for and tend not to engage with ongoing planning as they age. Modelling shows the risks of remaining in drawdown and the benefits of Flex First, Fix Later solutions that include later-life annuitisation as a way of addressing these challenges. Such an approach would...

Hidden in Plain Sight: Physical Risk in Asset Owners’ Portfolios

By Xinxin Wang, Jascha Lehmann, Russ Bowdrey & Lisa Eichler Corporate asset locations are a critical source of financial-risk intelligence for investors. More so when coupled with powerful overlays related to physical climate risk. MSCI’s new study, conducted in collaboration with Swiss Re Risk Data Solutions, analyzed more than 11,000 companies and 500,000 physical assets underpinning the listed-equity portfolios of 18 leading asset owners, representing USD 4 trillion in AUM. Location isn’t just geography, it’s financial risk exposed. The location of companies’...

Índice Global de Pensiones 2025 de Mercer y el CFA Institute

Por Mercer & CFA Institute El Índice Global de Pensiones 2025 de Mercer y el CFA Institute compara 52 sistemas de ingresos para la jubilación en todo el mundo, destacando tanto los desafíos como las oportunidades para los legisladores e inversionistas. El índice de este año se expande con Kuwait, Namibia, Omán y Panamá agregados, incorpora datos actualizados de la OCDE e introduce nuevas medidas de integridad para obtener perspectivas más precisas. Los sistemas se evalúan en tres pilares: adecuación, sostenibilidad...

Un modelo de pensiones personalizado para Costa Rica: Ajuste dinámico del riesgo a través de fondos agresivo y conservador

Por Malberth Cerdas El sistema de pensiones de Costa Rica enfrenta importantes desafíos a medida que la población envejece y la esperanza de vida aumenta. Este artículo propone un modelo innovador de fondo de pensiones basado en el riesgo individual, que ajusta las inversiones año a año conforme los afiliados envejecen. El modelo sugiere dos fondos principales: un fondo agresivo para los más jóvenes y un fondo conservador para quienes se acercan a la jubilación. Este diseño maximiza los rendimientos...

October 2025

Retirement and Retirement Intentions, Australia: Retiree statistics and the retirement intentions of people aged 45 years and over

By Australian Bureau of Statistics In 2024-25, 156,000 people aged 45 and over retired. Of these, 55% were women. On average, women retire at an earlier age than men. The average age both men and women are retiring is continuing to increase. The average age at retirement for people aged 45 years and over who retired in 2024-25 was 63.8 years. For men, the average age was 64.9 years and for women the average age was 62.7 years. The average age at retirement...

Sovereign GSSS+ Bonds: Building Blocks for Climate Ambition Analysis

By Sustainalytics Investor demand for sovereign green, social, sustainability, and sustainability-linked (GSSS+) bonds is growing. And with increasing scrutiny of climate goals, sovereign GSSS+ bonds may provide a signal of countries’ commitments to the Paris Agreement and meeting their nationally determined contributions (NDC). However, for investors looking to assess sovereign commitments and help drive meaningful climate impact, analyzing sovereign GSSS+ bonds in isolation may not be enough. This report offers insight into how investors can leverage these instruments to assess countries’...