February 2026

The Shift from Traditional Pensions to 401(k)s: Retirement Risks and the Timing of Retirement

By Rosemary Kaiser, Xiaohui sun & Yang Xuan U.S. retirement plans have shifted sharply from defined benefit to defined contribution setups. How has this change affected retirement and savings behavior? We develop a quantitative life-cycle model where retirement plans differ in their exposure to longevity and investment risk. Holding the present-value cost of benefits fixed, these differences generate distinct savings and retirement incentives across plan types. The model replicates observed differences in savings and retirement behavior and implies that the...

September 2025

US. Strength in numbers: Why scale is reshaping the future of retirement plans

For CFOs and finance team leaders, the pressure to deliver more value with fewer resources is relentless. Retirement plan management—often a top-three employee benefit—has become a focal point, as organizations navigate rising costs, complex compliance, and growing expectations from employees and regulators alike. Many employers still manage their 401(k) plans in isolation, bearing the full weight of administration and risk without the advantages of scale. Today, as regulatory scrutiny and litigation intensify, and employees demand stronger retirement security, the...

August 2025

What private assets in 401(k) plans mean for investors

Investors may soon have greater access to private assets — that is, investments that are not publicly traded — in their 401(k) or other workplace retirement plans. Financial advisors say that for many workers, the risks may outweigh the rewards. President Donald Trump signed an executive order on Thursday to increase the availability of alternative assets in 401(k) plans. The order instructs the Department of Labor to reexamine its guidance to employers and plan administrators on incorporating such assets into...

US. What’s Driving Early Retirement Plan Withdrawals?

Hourly workers tend to cash out their retirement plan savings more frequently than salaried workers when they leave their job, according to a report from Vanguard. Early cash outs from defined contribution plans normally come with a 10% tax penalty, and far more often than not, represent a sub-optimal savings strategy. About 33% of participants in Vanguard-administered plans took a cash-out when they left their jobs in 2023. This is consistent with data from the Employee Benefit Research Institute (EBRI),...

June 2025

El récord de ahorros para el retiro en EE.UU. según Fidelity

Este 2025, los ahorristas para el retiro en Estados Unidos han alcanzado un hito impresionante, resistiendo la volatilidad del mercado. Según el informe original, Fidelity reportó una tasa promedio de ahorro del 14.3% en los planes 401(k) durante el primer trimestre del año, la más alta registrada por la firma. Esta tasa combina las aportaciones de empleados y empleadores, mostrando un compromiso robusto durante tiempos económicos inciertos. Contribuciones de empleados y empleadores Los datos de Fidelity reflejan que la tasa de contribución...

US. The Retirement Funds Boomers Rely on Most — and Why Rising Generations Will Need a New Strategy

Whether retirement is like a sunrise on a distant horizon or you can already feel its golden rays warming your golden years, one thing is clear: Your money needs to be ready. While there are universal pillars of smart saving, such as keeping savings in a high-yield savings account, investing consistently and maintaining an emergency fund, each generation approaches retirement saving a little differently. When GOBankingRates teamed up with New York Life to understand how people are feeling about their finances today, one...

September 2024

US. DOL vs. IRS rules: Courts asked to decide how 401(k) plans can use forfeiture assets

What started as a small law firm filing a handful of suits against 401(k) plans' use of forfeited funds has metastasized into a broad attack on sponsors that raises questions about reducing participants' expenses. It's a trend of more law firms filing more lawsuits seeking to use Department of Labor regulations regarding fiduciary duty to supersede IRS rules. Although there are differences among the various sponsor-defendants, the general theme is the same: What can sponsors do with company contributions to a...

US. Less Than Half of Pre-Retirees Actively Saving for Retirement

Only 40% of pre-retirees—those between five and 10 years away from their desired retirement age—say they are financially preparing for retirement. This according to New York Life’s latest Wealth Watch survey, released Sept. 17, which found that American adults overwhelmingly report they are not financially preparing for major life events like purchasing a home, starting a family, changing careers, or retirement. The survey also found half of pre-retirees think they will retire later than expected, and 22% think they may never...

August 2024

The Time is Right for a National Retirement Savings Plan

Experts on retirement saving have plenty of assorted ideas for making 401(k) plans work better. But most agree on the top priority: get them into the hands of more people. Only about half of private-sector US workers are covered by an employer-sponsored retirement savings plan at any given time—and that figure hasn’t budged much over the years. The lost opportunity to save at the workplace translates into far too many people retiring with paltry savings or none at all, leaving them reliant...

July 2024

US. It’s time for Gen X–ers nearing 60 to give their retirement plans a reality check

The oldest members of Generation X — that generation born between 1965 and 1980 and known for its irreverence, sarcasm and indifference — are hitting 59½ and eligible to start withdrawing money from retirement accounts without penalty. But should they be touching their nest eggs so soon? As the first do-it-yourself generation funding retirement largely without private pension plans, many members of Gen X graduated college or high school during a recession. They got their first jobs when 401(k)s were...