March 2026

Europe must close the rights gap for migrants and asylum seekers with disabilities

Migrants and asylum seekers with disabilities continue to face systemic exclusion from protection, support, and integration systems across the European Union, despite the EU’s human rights obligations. In response, IRAP and EDF have jointly launched a new policy brief, “A Pact That Excludes: Closing the Protection Gap for Migrants and Asylum Seekers with Disabilities in the European Union,” showing that EU migration and asylum systems remain largely inaccessible and discriminatory for people with disabilities. This briefing analyses the EU Pact on Migration and...

February 2026

Fairness Views, Pension Benefits, and Heterogeneity in Life Expectancy

By Maria Chaykina Notional Defined Contribution (NDC) pension schemes convert accumulated pension wealth into an annuity, based on an average life expectancy at retirement. When longevity differs across social groups, a single conversion factor implies systematic transfers from shorter-lived to longer-lived individuals. This motivates proposals to differentiate benefits by socio-demographic characteristics related to life expectancy. We study whether such differentiation is perceived as fair using a survey experiment involving 3,004 Italian residents aged 18-66. Respondents completed an incentivised allocation task...

December 2025

Why is inequality so high in Latin America? An interview with Francisco H. G. Ferreira

Economic inequality in Latin America has historically been – and is currently – higher than in much of the rest of the world. For a time, it seemed that large pro-poor programmes, particularly conditional cash transfers (CCTs) – conditional mainly on attending schools and health visits – made some dent on inequality. Such CCTs were pioneered in Mexico, though it has now discontinued that policy, and have been pursued in a major way in Brazil, Colombia, Chile and elsewhere....

Social Security Reforms and Inequality among Older Workers in Spain

By Cristina Bellés-Obrero, Manuel Flores, Pilar Garcia-Gomez, Sergi Jimenez-Martin & Judit Vall Castelló This chapter studies social security reforms and trends in inequalities among older workers over the last decades in Spain. Its main goal is to analyze the redistributive impact of the various pension reforms on older income inequality. Compared to the rules in 1985, recent pension reforms have led to an average increase on Social Security Wealth of approximately 18,000€ for men and 15,000€ for women. This represents...

November 2025

UK. Radical reforms to State Pension system proposed as government battles rising bills – Steve Webb

Experts at pension consultancy LCP specialising in State Pension policy and in demographic trends have joined forces to recommend major changes to the State Pension system. LCP’s ideas have been fed into the Government’s review of the State Pension Age, and would help to square the circle between the need to increase pension ages and the need to avoid penalising those whose life expectancy is much lower than average. One key measure used by the Government to assess the sustainability...

Japan’s welfare crackdown targets foreign residents over unpaid pensions, health insurance

As Japan’s social contract comes under strain, Sanae Takaichi is moving swiftly on a campaign promise to make foreign residents shoulder their fair share of the health and pensions burden. The proposed reforms, set in motion just weeks after Takaichi’s historic appointment as the country’s first female prime minister, aim to address mounting public concern about inequality and the sustainability of its ageing welfare state. At her first ministerial meeting dedicated to issues regarding foreign nationals, Takaichi on Tuesday directed cabinet...

October 2025

Koreans’ life expectancy has exceeded 83 years, but their retirement age is still in their mid to late 50s

Koreans' life expectancy has exceeded 83 years, but their retirement age is still in their mid to late 50s. As of 2025, the average monthly receipt of the national pension is only about 670,000 won. In other words, it is not enough to prepare the necessary funds for the retirement period, which lasts more than 20 years on average. In addition, if the national pension is not received early, it can be received from the age of 63 to 65,...

US. Public Pensions Are Closing Talent Gaps, Survey Reveals

After years of fierce competition for top talent, public pension funds are seeing positive momentum for recruitment and retention, even as salary growth stabilizes. The 2025 Public Pension Compensation Survey conducted by CBIZ and NCPERS reveals that 57% of public pension funds now report no issues attracting or retaining skilled staff, an increase of nearly 20% since 2022. “The public pension sector’s recent workforce stabilization suggests that intentional compensation planning, enhanced benefits, and flexible work models are proving just as powerful as...

August 2025

US. How 401(K)s Can Perpetuate Wealth Inequality

The 401(k) plan was never meant to become the backbone of U.S. retirement security. When it emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s, it was pitched as a tax-deferred perk for executives and other white-collar workers.1 But four decades on, 401(k)s dominate private-sector retirement savings offerings, covering two-thirds of workers with access to a plan and holding $9 trillion in assets. Yet their benefits still tilt upward: Higher-income employees, who naturally rely less on their complete paycheck to get...

June 2025

LGBTQ+ Americans Face Retirement Inequities

By Pension Rights Center Pride Month is observed each June to mark the 1969 Stonewall Uprising that sparked the LGBTQ+  rights movement in the United States. Celebrations are centered around building community, recognizing the progress made towards equality, and honoring those who have made that progress possible. But Pride Month is also an opportunity to reflect on the work yet to be done, including the inequities that persist when it comes to the retirement income security of LGBTQ+ older adults. According...