April 2025

Varying effects of public pensions: Pension spending and old-age employment under different pension regimes

By Kun Lee Socioeconomic consequences of pension reforms have often been discussed without careful consideration of institutional contexts, despite the fact that institutional designs of public pensions differ substantially across countries. This study argues that the outcomes of pension reforms vary depending on the institutional structure of public pensions, by showing that the associations between public pension spending and old-age employment rates of different socio-demographic groups vary across different institutional contexts. Using time-series cross-section data from 20 European countries and...

Spain. AIReF’s evaluation of the pension reform: first match ball saved, but with big challenges on the horizon

At the end of March, the Independent Authority for Fiscal Responsibility (AIReF) published its estimate, as was its mandate, of the average impact during the period 2022-2050 of the new revenue measures introduced as part of the pension reforms and other economic measures implemented since 2020 in order to fund the pension system.1 This estimate was the last missing piece needed to determine whether the expenditure rule previously agreed between the government and the European Commission within the framework of the...

Conversion in the Act on Future Pensions, sailing to safe harbour?

By Hans van Meerten & Adrienn Pásztor This article explores the transformation of rights and entitlements during the transition to a new Dutch pension system within the second pillar for occupational pension schemes. It provides an examination of various national legal challenges such as the contractual basis and retrospective nature of this conversion process, alongside relevant aspects of European law including property rights and effective legal protection under the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and the Charter of Fundamental...

Zimbabwe. Regulator reforms for $17bn pensions industry

Zimbabwe’s Insurance and Pensions Commission (Ipec) is laying down the law on pension fund governance, reports News Day. Ipec’s pensions and life department manager Polite Chidumwa said the insurance and pensions regulator was working to make sure that the contributions were not wiped out over time, which involved ensuring proper governance structures. Ipec is engaged in several reforms to ensure that member contributions to pension funds do not lose value as payouts to pensioners continue to decline owing to exchange rate...

March 2025

Flights grounded as Belgium strikes over pension reform

Brussels: A general strike over proposed pension reforms severely disrupted air traffic and other services in Belgium on Monday, with the country’s two main airports cancelling all outbound flights. Government plans to scrap a special pension scheme and align the retirement age for all civil servants with that of the private sector at 66 have enraged trade unions and many workers. A large section of security and maintenance staff, including baggage handlers, were expected to down tools, prompting the Brussels and...

Chile: Strengthening social security and increasing labor costs

Congress has approved social security reforms aimed at improving retirement outcomes for workers, primarily by significantly increasing employer contributions over time and encouraging greater competition among service providers. In Chile, social security retirement, survivors’ and disability benefits are based on compulsory individual defined contribution (DC) accounts managed by private fund administrators (Administradoras de Fondos de Pensiones – AFPs). Accounts are funded primarily by employee contributions at 10.0% of covered pay. The increases are to start six months after publication of...

South Korea approves reforms to shore up $830 bln state pension fund

South Korea's parliament on Thursday passed a bill to reform the country's $830 billion pension fund and delay the depletion of the state fund that has been on track to run out by the mid-2050s due to a rapidly ageing population. The bill's passage marks the first time parliament has agreed to a major shake-up in the state pension fund in 18 years and could delay depletion by 15 years. Under the legislative amendment, contributions and payouts will rise, the former...

Pension Reform and Stock Market Development

By Shujaat Khan, Bo Li & Yunhui Zhao We highlight the strong connection between developing fully-funded, individually-owned, collectively-managed, mandatory/incentivized (FICMI) pension schemes and the development of domestic stock markets. We do so by building a stylized model and complementing the analysis with cross-country empirical analysis and case studies. We also highlight the challenges of individual impatience, network externalities, and coordination failure in long-term equity investments, which are crucial for stock market development and technological innovation. We find that FICMI pension...

Public pensions reforms: financial and political sustainability

By Julián Díaz Saavedra One main reason for the unsustainability of future pensions in many European countries is a failure to adapt to very long-term demographic trends. Also, a reform to address financing issues can also be an occasion to improve pension design. Sometimes, however, such pension reforms are likely to be overturned when they lead to significant short-term losses in retirement income. We use an overlapping generations economy with incomplete insurance markets to show that, with an appropriate design,...

Thailand. Social Security Board approves fairer pension calculation

The Social Security Board has approved an adjustment to the calculation of retirement pensions to ensure fairness among Section 33 and Section 39 insurers on Tuesday. Marasri Jairangsee, secretary-general of the Social Security Office, stated that the three-hour discussion included representatives from employers, employees and the government. “Labour Ministry permanent secretary Boonsong Thapchaiyut, who chaired the Social Security Board, has approved the adjustment to the pension calculation for Section 33 and 39 insurers,” she said. She explained that the adjustment has been under...