Angela Madden was a full-time carer for her mother when she received a letter from the government in March 2012. It informed her she would not be eligible to receive a state pension for seven years, when she had expected to start receiving it in two. She is one of an estimated 3.6 million women born in the 1950s, who campaigners say were not properly informed of the rise in state pension age to bring them in line with men. And Angela,...
By Janghyeok An, Devon Gorry & Jonathan M. Leganza We study how South Koreans responded to an increase in the full pension eligibility age. Using a regression discontinuity design, we document the causal effects of the change on several potential margins of adjustment. We find clear evidence of delayed benefit claiming, consistent with studies in other settings. However, we find little to no statistical evidence of changes in labor supply, in contrast with previous literature. We also find no changes...
The Supreme Federal Court set a date for December 18, 2025 the trial that could directly affect minimum age for special retirement, with significant implications for workers exposed to harmful conditions and for those who have already reorganized their lives after retirement. Beyond the minimum age for special retirementThe agenda involves the possibility of resuming full retirement benefits and allowing the conversion of special time into common time, forming a set of decisions that, if they move forward, could alter retirement planning, values, and...
Countries with low official retirement ages tend to have high effective retirement ages, meaning that people tend to work until their mid-60s, regardless of where they live. Such nations include Australia, Greece, Iceland, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the United States. But it is Libya that has the highest official retirement age, set at 70 years. Denmark will soon match the African country with the highest official retirement age in the world, that is, the age at which a person can access their full government...
By Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development The 2025 edition of Pensions at a Glance highlights the pension reforms undertaken by OECD countries over the last two years. It includes a special chapter focusing on pension differences between men and women. It shows recent and projected trends in the pensions of women relative to those of men in OECD countries, analyses the key drivers of the gender pension gap, and reviews the pension rules that directly or indirectly affect gender disparities in...
By Lei Fang, Paul Mohnen & David Lee The labor force participation rate experienced a sharp drop during the pandemic, from which it has yet to fully recover. This shortfall can be attributed to a persistent decline in labor force participation among people aged 55 and older. In this blog post, we show that excess retirements relative to prepandemic and higher population shares of retirement-age individuals have both contributed to the decline in the labor force participation rate of older...
In early October 2025, with his political future hanging by a thread, France’s resigned-and-reappointed prime minister Sébastien Lecornu pledged to suspend unpopular pension reforms until 2027, when presidential elections will be held. Socialist MPs declared victory. The French business community groaned. The S&P downgraded France’s credit rating, citing budget concerns. With France kicking inevitable reforms at least two years down the road, and many European countries facing pension crises of their own, it is worth considering how to design pension reforms...
Thailand is revisiting the proposal to extend the civil service retirement age from 60 to 65, a reform aimed at addressing the ageing population and labour shortages. A report from the OCSC shows that, as of 2024, Thailand has 1.12 million government officials, including 414,088 civil servants, who are the main group under review for the proposed age extension. Other categories include 441,168 teachers, 268,063 local administrative officials, 213,086 police officers, 26,364 officials from independent constitutional agencies, 9,408 university civil servants,...
By Australian Bureau of Statistics In 2024-25, 156,000 people aged 45 and over retired. Of these, 55% were women. On average, women retire at an earlier age than men. The average age both men and women are retiring is continuing to increase. The average age at retirement for people aged 45 years and over who retired in 2024-25 was 63.8 years. For men, the average age was 64.9 years and for women the average age was 62.7 years. The average age at retirement...
Social Security may have been created in 1935, but it’s a very dynamic system. Changes are made to the program every year, from the amount of the cost-of-living adjustment to more fundamental modifications. One “change” coming in 2026 that may seem sudden has actually been on the books since 1983, according to the Social Security Administration. But it’s an important one to be aware of because it could translate to a reduction in your Social Security check. Here’s what to know...
