March 2025

US Public Pension Funds Increased Allocations to Fixed Income in 2024

US public pension funds are raising their fixed-income allocations, but with equities still holding the largest share of portfolios, US small- and mid-cap stocks could present an opportunity, according to the National Conference on Public Employees Retirement System (NCPERS). Data from 201 US public pension funds revealed that while allocations to other asset classes declined in the first half of 2024, fixed-income investments saw a sharp increase. Equities remained the largest part of pension portfolios, averaging a 41.5% allocation, though this was down...

February 2025

US. Public pension funds allocate more to fixed income, lower return assumptions — NCPERS

Public pension funds are increasing allocations to fixed income and continuing to lower their investment assumptions, according to a study from the National Conference on Public Employees Retirement Systems. The study, which reflects data from 201 U.S. public pension funds that collectively oversee more than $3 trillion in assets, shows those plans that reported data as of June 30 had an average investment return of 9.5%, and the trend toward lower investment return assumptions continues with an average discount rate...

US. Public Pension Plans Reach 5-Year High of 83.1% Funded

Public pension funds’ funded status has risen to a five-year high amid equity market strength, according to a study from the National Conference of Public Employees Retirement Systems. The annual NCPERS retirement study, which the organization has conducted since 2011, found that the average public pension has seen its funded status reach 83.1% through the first half of 2024, typically when the fiscal years for these plans ended. The report also found that discount rates have decreased to an average of 6.67%...

The Biggest Challenges Facing Older Americans: Insights from the Aging Advisory Group

Adults aged 50 and older are the fastest-growing age group of those experiencing homelessness, making up nearly half of the single-adult homeless population, which is estimated to triple over the next decade. Older adults are especially vulnerable to becoming homeless, as many live on fixed incomes that are insufficient to cover the cost of housing and other expenses. Aging Advisory Group To address the rapid increase of older adults experiencing homelessness, the National Alliance to End Homelessness, in partnership with the RRF...

Multiemployer Pension Funding Study: Year-end 2024

By Tim Connor,Timothy Herman,Rex Barker & Nina Lantz The amounts in Figure 1 reflect the $70 billion in SFA granted to 97 plans that received the funds by December 31, 2024, including $16 billion paid during 2024. Without the SFA program, the aggregate funded percentage would be approximately 89%. The liabilities in Figure 1 are projected using discount rates equal to each plan’s actuarial assumed return on assets. Assumed returns generally fall between 6.0% and 8.0%, with a weighted average interest...

US. Milliman analysis: Multiemployer pensions approach 100% funding in aggregate at year-end 2024

Milliman, Inc., a premier global consulting and actuarial firm, today released the 2024 year-end results of its Multiemployer Pension Funding Study (MPFS), which analyzes the funded status of all U.S. multiemployer defined benefit pension plans based on assumptions and data in their latest Form 5500 filings. “Strong returns during the first and third quarters of 2024 largely drove the year’s significant rise in the aggregate funded percentage, which reached the second-highest point since Milliman launched this study in 2007” Post this As...

UPS to deliver $1.2 billion to U.S. pension plans in 2025

United Parcel Service Inc., Atlanta, plans to contribute $1.2 billion to its U.S. pension plans in 2025. The shipping company disclosed its plans in its Feb. 18 10-K filing with the SEC. UPS previously contributed $1.2 billion each to the U.S. pension plans in 2024 and 2023 and $2 billion to the plans in 2022. In 2024, UPS hired Goldman Sachs Asset Management to provide outsourced CIO services for its U.S. pension plans. As of Sept. 30, UPS’ team of 22 investment...

US. Over 71,000 retirement savers may be victims of cyber breach at The Pension Specialists

More than 71,000 customers of retirement plan administrator The Pension Specialists may have had their personal data breached in a cyber theft that occurred last year, according to a notification filed by The Pension Specialists with the Office of the Maine Attorney General on Feb. 14. The company became aware of the cyber incident on Feb. 24, 2024, when it experienced a network disruption. After initiating an investigation with cybersecurity experts, it determined that certain files may have been accessed...

US. What the 2025 Social Security Age Change Means for Retirement Planning

If you're nearing retirement, you’ve probably wondered when to start taking Social Security benefits. For years, age 65 was considered the “normal” retirement age, but a law passed in 1983 gradually raised this age to reflect the increasing life expectancy of Americans.1 As of 2025, the full retirement age (FRA) is still rising depending on your birth year.2 Knowing when to claim benefits can significantly impact your monthly checks. Key Takeaways Full Retirement Age rises to 66 years and 10 months for those born in 1959. ...

The Economic History of American Inequality: New Evidence and Perspectives

By Martha J. Bailey, Leah Platt Boustan & William J. Collins This volume refines and extends the economic history literature on economic inequality in the United States. Economic inequality manifests itself on various dimensions, including access to resources and to economic security, as well as access to education and opportunities for migration, marriage and other important life decisions. Measuring inequality and studying its variation over time and in response to economic shocks such as recessions and wars deepen our understanding of how the...