September 2019

20Sep

Family and Government Insurance: Wage, Earnings, and Income Risks in the Netherlands and the U.S.

By Mariacristina De Nardi Giulio, Fella Marike Knoef, Gonzalo Paz-Pardo Raun Van Ooijen We document new facts on the distributions of male wages, male earnings, and household earnings and income (before and after taxes) in the Netherlands and the United States. We find that, in both countries, wages display rich dynamics, including substantial asymmetries and nonlinearities by age and previous earnings levels. Individual-level male wage and earnings risk is relatively high for younger and older people, and for...

September 20, 2019
Articles, Pension design, System Sustainability, , , ,
Read more...
20Sep

Old-Age Poverty: The Household Perspective; A Microsimulation Approach of Pension Entitlements in Germany

By Sebastian Finkler Providing a decent living standard and preventing old-age poverty are the two major challenges of pension insurance schemes. Replacement rates below the poverty line despite many years of contribution represent a major challenge for public pension schemes with respect to the systems 'raison d’être'. The focus of the present paper turns away from individual perspective and considers household retirement incomes in the light of analysing old-age poverty and designing (minimum) pension policies. Using household survey and...

September 20, 2019
Adequacy, Aging, Articles, Pension design, , ,
Read more...
20Sep

The Development of Social Security in China

 By Gao Zexin, Mario Arturo Ruiz Estrada, Aslam Mohamed, Minsoo Lee Over the past 60 years, the social security system has continued to advance with the development of the economy. Especially since China’s Reform and Opening-up, the role and status of social security have become more and more prominent. With the evolution of value concepts and the transformation of the system interacted with each other, China's social security has embarked on a complicated track of establishing and reform. In...

September 20, 2019
Aging, Articles, Labor Market, System Sustainability, ,
Read more...
13Sep

Robo-Advisors: Investing Through Machines

By Facundo Abraham, Sergio L. Schmukler, José Tessada Investing through online automated platforms, known as robo-advisors, is increasingly popular. Robo-advisors expand access to wealth management services by making it easier and less costly to open investments accounts and receive financial advice, as well as plan and automate investment decisions. However, the rise of robo-advisors requires consumers to understand the limitations of these services and to get proper financial education. Policy makers need to grapple with the impact of robo-advisors...

September 13, 2019
Articles, Investing, ,
Read more...
13Sep

Reforming Social Security: The Challenge of Income Inequality

By David W. Rasmussen Objective: This article examines the role Social Security plays in alleviating poverty among retirees in the context of threats to its solvency. Method: Examining long-term employment trends, declining access to defined benefit pensions and saving behavior can determine if in the more future Social Security beneficiaries are likely to be poor. Results: Labor market trends driven by technical change, global competition and increasing demand for services indicate that more future retirees will have lower life-time...

September 13, 2019
Adequacy, Articles, Regulation, , ,
Read more...
13Sep

Will More Workers Have Nontraditional Jobs as Globalization and Automation Spread?

Matthew S. Rutledge,Gal Wettstein, Sara Ellen King Recent research has called attention to alternative employment arrangements that often leave workers without retirement and health benefits and with income instability. At the same time, workers are facing increasing competition from automation and globalization. This competition is of special concern for older workers, who increasingly need longer careers to secure an adequate retirement and jobs with benefits to enable saving and access to affordable health care. The question is: are these...

September 13, 2019
Articles, Labor Market,
Read more...
06Sep

Institutional Responses to Aging Populations and Economic Growth: A Panel Data Approach

By Patrick M. Emerson, Shawn D. Knabb, Anca-Ioana Sirbu Will an aging population lower economic growth? Economists are generally concerned that the increase in life expectancy could lower economic growth, however, theory does not make a prediction. As life expectancy increases, so should household savings, which results in more physical capital per worker. This will stimulate economic growth. However, as the retired population share increases, this may reduce spending on children as more resources are transferred to the elderly....

September 6, 2019
Aging, Articles, ,
Read more...
06Sep

Price Statistics Compilation in 196 Economies: The Relevance for Policy Analysis

By Francien Berry, Brian Graf, Michael Stanger, Mari Ylä-Jarkko The consumer price index (CPI) is a key economic indicator used to gauge inflation, adjust wages, pensions, and social benefits. The producer prices index (PPI) is used for forecasting and deflating GDP estimates. Both indexes are used by the Fund, policymakers, and researchers for global, regional, and domestic surveillance. In this context, the paper evaluates the soundness of the indexes by assessing four major criteria: frequency of updating the weights,...

September 6, 2019
Articles, System Sustainability,
Read more...
06Sep

Twenty Years of Wage Inequality in Latin America

By Julián Messina, Joana Silva This paper documents an inverse U-shape in the evolution of wage inequality in Latin America since 1995, with a sharp reduction starting in 2002. The Gini coefficient of wages increased from 42 to 44 between 1995 and 2002 and declined to 39 by 2015. Between 2002 and 2015, the 90/10 log hourly earnings ratio decreased by 26 percent. The decline since 2002 was characterized by rising wages across the board, but especially among those...

September 6, 2019
Adequacy, Articles, Labor Market, , ,
Read more...

August 2019

30Aug

The Impact of Governmental Accounting Standards on Public-Sector Pension Funding

By Divya Anantharaman, Elizabeth Chuk The funding policy for defined benefit pension plans covering government employees represents an important decision for government entities sponsoring those plans. In recent years, a number of state and local governments have experienced extreme funding shortfalls (e.g., New Jersey, Illinois, and Detroit), raising concerns about whether government entities are contributing enough to their pensions. Governmental Accounting Standards Board Statements Number 67/68 (hereafter, “GASB 67/68”) fundamentally alter the financial reporting of pension liabilities, by (i)...

August 30, 2019
Articles, Pension design, Savings, System Sustainability, , ,
Read more...