March 2022

Does Informal Sector Size Impede Economy Growth in Developing Countries?
17Mar

Does Informal Sector Size Impede Economy Growth in Developing Countries?

By Loudi Njoya, Ngouhouo Ibrahim & Etah Ewane This paper empirically analyses the impact of the informal sector on long-term growth in developing countries. Using a panel of 112 countries from the icrg and Medina and Schneider (2018) over the period 1991 to 2015, a U-shaped relationship between the size of the informal sector and the growth of GDP per capita was obtained. These results, contrary to those of Ceyhun Elgin and Serdar Birinci (2016), show that a certain threshold...

March 17, 2022
Articles, System Characterization, , ,
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The Early Impacts of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Americans’ Economic Security
10Mar

The Early Impacts of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Americans’ Economic Security

By Marco Angrisani, Jeremy Burke & Arie Kapteyn The COVID-19 pandemic has had enormous effects on the U.S. economy and may have had serious negative repercussions for many Americans’ financial stability. We use longitudinal survey data from a nationally representative internet panel, the Understanding America Study, to examine the early impacts of the pandemic and policy responses to it, on Americans’ financial stability, financial well-being, and financial behavior (as of May 2020). We find that rather than experiencing large declines, Americans’...

March 10, 2022
Articles, Retirement Security, , ,
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Exponential Growth Bias and the Law: Why Do We Save Too Little, Borrow Too Much, and Fail to React on Time to Deadly Pandemics and Climate Change?
10Mar

Exponential Growth Bias and the Law: Why Do We Save Too Little, Borrow Too Much, and Fail to React on Time to Deadly Pandemics and Climate Change?

By Doron Teichman & Eyal Zamir Many human decisions, ranging from the taking of loans with compound interest to fighting deadly pandemics, involve phenomena that entail exponential growth. Yet a wide and robust body of empirical studies demonstrates that people systematically underestimate exponential growth. This phenomenon, dubbed the exponential growth bias (EGB), has been documented in numerous contexts, across different populations, using both experimental and observational methods. Despite its centrality to human decision making, legal scholarship has thus far failed to...

March 10, 2022
Articles, Pension design, Savings, ,
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10Mar

The Current State of U.S. Workplace Retirement Plan Coverage

By John Sabelhaus Despite widespread support for government policies aimed at improving workplace retirement plans, nearly half of wage and salary workers in the U.S. still lack coverage. The lack of employer-sponsored pensions or other workplace retirement saving plans has led to state-level government initiatives aimed at expanding coverage to workers whose employers do not offer such plans. Designing and implementing efforts to broaden workplace retirement plan coverage requires understanding what types of workers lack coverage, in terms of both...

March 10, 2022
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War and Pensions
03Mar

War and Pensions

By John A. Turner, David M. Rajnes & Gerard Hughes Although war has had substantial effects, both positive and negative, on pension systems, the topic has received relatively little attention. War has played a role in the development of pension systems in many countries. Yet, no previous analysis has examined the full range of its effects. Source: Actuaries.org 334 views

March 3, 2022
Articles, System Characterization, System Sustainability, ,
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The Impacts of Matching Contributions on Retirement Savings: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment in Turkey
03Mar

The Impacts of Matching Contributions on Retirement Savings: Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment in Turkey

By Sadettin Haluk Çitçi & Halit Yanikkaya Using a dataset containing information for more than 39 million contracts and a quasi-experimental design provided by national matching contribution policy reform in Turkey, we study the effects of matching contributions on saving outcomes and determine heterogeneities in responses to matching contribution. Differences-in-differences estimations show that the program leads to a substantial rise in contributions paid. The matching contribution policy raises contributions paid by 18 percent. Moreover, after 30 percent sharp rise in...

March 3, 2022
Articles, Savings, ,
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Allowing Early Access to Retirement Savings: Lessons from Australia
03Mar

Allowing Early Access to Retirement Savings: Lessons from Australia

By Nathan Wang-Ly & Ben Rhodri Newell In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments around the world introduced policies aiming to provide citizens with financial relief through early access to their retirement savings. In Australia, the Early Release of Super (ERS) scheme allowed eligible citizens to withdraw up to A$20,000 in funds between April and December 2020. Using data provided by a large Australian bank, we examine the characteristics of the individuals who withdrew, how they used the withdrawn...

March 3, 2022
Articles, Pension design, Savings, Withdrawals, ,
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February 2022

Overpaying and Undersaving? Correlated Mistakes in Retirement Saving and Health Insurance Choices
24Feb

Overpaying and Undersaving? Correlated Mistakes in Retirement Saving and Health Insurance Choices

By Leora Friedberg & Adam Leive Not everyone makes wise financial choices. A large body of research documents behavior inconsistent with well-informed consumers maximizing their expected utility of consumption. It remains unknown, however, whether such behavior is correlated across domains. This paper uses two novel datasets to test whether the quality of health insurance and retirement saving decisions are correlated. Using administrative panel data from a large employer, we find that people who overpay for health insurance by choosing a...

February 24, 2022
Articles, Savings, , ,
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Assessing the Macroeconomic Impact of Structural Reforms in Ukraine
24Feb

Assessing the Macroeconomic Impact of Structural Reforms in Ukraine

By Anil Ari & Gabor Pula Ukraine’s economic performance has been anemic since the early 1990s. A major impediment to productivity growth has been low investment, held back by lack of strong and independent institutions. This paper aims to assess the major areas of institutional weakness in Ukraine and quantify the long-term growth impact of catching-up to Poland in terms of the quality of major economic institutions and market development. Our analysis identifies the legal system as the area where...

February 24, 2022
Articles, Investment, System Sustainability, , ,
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How the Pandemic Altered Americans’ Debt Burden and Retirement Readiness
24Feb

How the Pandemic Altered Americans’ Debt Burden and Retirement Readiness

By Andrea Hasler, Annamaria Lusardi & Olivia S. Mitchell This paper analyzes Americans’ perceptions of being debt constrained. We focus on which population subgroups reported feeling most debt constrained, how this perception was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and how it relates to financial literacy and retirement readiness. To this end, we analyze two datasets, namely the 2020 and 2021 TIAA Institute-GFLEC Personal Finance Index files (P-Fin Index). The evidence shows that, prior to and during the pandemic, one in...

February 24, 2022
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