December 2025

Cambios en los Mercados Laborales: ¿Qué será de la Seguridad Social?

Por Isaac Pérez Yunis El mundo laboral experimenta, en la actualidad, cambios significativos y determinantes, tanto en la relación empleador trabajador como en las mismas condiciones en la que se desenvuelve esta relación, por lo tanto, el ámbito laboral que exige un cambio de visión de las tradicionales formas de empleo a visiones innovadoras de trabajo, que traerá consigo nuevos requerimientos laborales. En este sentido, se realizó una revisión documental con el fin de vislumbrar los posibles cambios a...

El sistema de pensiones en Perú: Sostenibilidad, cobertura y tasa de reemplazo

Por Víctor Horacio Rodriguez Baca El objetivo del  artículo es explorar los desafíos y posibles soluciones del sistema previsional peruano. Tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial y la ratificación de la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos en 1948, el derecho a la seguridad social quedó garantizado. En Perú, el sistema de pensiones cuenta con dos regímenes: el Sistema Nacional de Pensiones (SNP) y el Sistema Privado de Pensiones (SPP). Sin embargo, enfrenta problemas de cobertura limitada (solo el 26.5% de la Población...

The evol­u­tion of pen­sion reforms in India

India’s rap­idly age­ing pop­u­la­tion is emer­ging as a pivotal pen­sion chal­lenge. Today, over 153 mil­lion Indi­ans are aged over 60. This is pro­jec­ted to double to 347 mil­lion by 2050. While a small sec­tion of older Indi­ans has benefited from the rise of formal sec­tor retire­ment, more than 88% of today’s senior cit­izens con­tinue to work, in the sprawl­ing informal eco­nomy, without access to pen­sions or reli­able social secur­ity rather than retir­ing (Chart 1). We revisit the evol­u­tion of...

Albania. 13 thousand pensioners added, scheme at risk, growing faster than contributors

The number of beneficiaries in the public pension scheme expanded further during 2022, reaching a total of 686,923 people or over 13 thousand more than in 2021. Official data from the Institute of Social Insurance show that the number of pensioners is growing faster than the number of contributors. Pensioners increased by 13 thousand, while contributors by 10 thousand. In 2022 for every beneficiary there were only 1.1 contributors from 1.2 which was this ratio in 2018. In the following years,...

UK. Pensions dump US equities over AI fears

Is an AI bubble on the horizon? Some of the UK’s biggest pension funds think so and are cutting back their exposure to US equities as a result. Schemes managing more than £200bn in assets for millions of British savers told the Financial Times they had been shifting allocations to other geographical regions or adding protection against a potential fall in stock prices in recent months, write Josephine Cumbo and Mary McDougall. The moves come as the tech-heavy Nasdaq Composite index...

Major Changes To U.S. Pensions Being Considered By Congress

Congress is considering major changes to U.S. pensions after a new bill was introduced this week. The proposal, put forward by Democratic Representative Eugene Vindman of Virginia, seeks to make it easier for Americans to build emergency savings without sacrificing their retirement security. Why It Matters Vindman’s Congressional bill would modify eligibility rules and raise contribution limits for pension-linked emergency savings accounts—programs that allow workers to set aside funds for unexpected expenses alongside their retirement savings. If enacted, it could reshape how millions of employees prepare for financial shocks, offering a safety...

Adequacy and Sustainability of Pensions

By Commission European Pensions are the main source of income for older people in Europe, coming mostly from 'pay-as-you-go' public schemes. Retired people drawing a pension are a significant and — due to demographic ageing — a growing part of the EU population (about 124 million, or a quarter of the total population1). European pension systems are facing the dual challenge of remaining financially sustainable and being able to provide Europeans with an adequate income in retirement. The key purpose of...

The working life course of aging LGBTQ workers: An intersectional perspective and a theoretical framework

By Raphael Epper-Hattab & Bryndís D Steindórsdóttir  Aging LGBTQ workers represent a unique and diverse population of workers who have struggled with homophobic and transphobic social constructions and a prolonged invalidation of their identities, stemming from periods when social exclusion and discrimination dominated their lives. These challenges have imposed multifaceted marginalization not only on their life patterns but also on their occupational trajectories and interpersonal relationships at work. Against this backdrop, drawing attention to characteristics of the occupational careers of...

Japan’s Aging Workforce: Determinants and Outlook

By Sagiri Kitao & Nozomi Takeda This paper examines recent trends in the Japanese labor market, with a particular focus on the elderly workforce. Japan's elderly employment rates are notably high compared to other OECD countries and have increased significantly over the past two decades. To investigate the factors that affect the employment of old individuals, we develop a structural life-cycle model with consumption-saving decisions and endogenous labor supply in both intensive and extensive margins. The model is calibrated to...

Panorama Social de América Latina y el Caribe, 2025: cómo salir de la trampa de alta desigualdad, baja movilidad social y débil cohesión social

Por CEPAL El Panorama Social de América Latina y el Caribe 2025 analiza la trampa de alta desigualdad, baja movilidad social y débil cohesión social que perpetúa la crisis de desarrollo en la región. La desigualdad es un fenómeno histórico, estructural y multidimensional que requiere una medición adecuada para diseñar políticas integrales que aborden sus múltiples causas. Superar la desigualdad implica enfrentar de forma integral las desigualdades causadas por las debilidades de los sistemas educativos y fortalecer el papel de...