August 2026

India’s gig economy leaving its women behind, study finds

India’s gig economy, which includes 10-minute food delivery and ride-hailing apps, is creating millions of jobs. Yet, women are largely missing from it, according to a new study. Indian women have achieved near parity with men in access to basic bank accounts, but that progress isn’t carrying over to the digital economy, with women workers underrepresented in jobs at companies such as Uber Technologies, Swiggy and Urban Company, according to report by the International Labour Organization and the National Council...

India. New Pension Scheme: Deposit just Rs 99 every month and get pension, new scheme launched

Gig workers working for e-commerce platforms like Zomato, Swiggy, Blinkit, and Urban Company can also receive pensions. A new framework has been introduced under the National Pension System (NPS), allowing these workers to start their retirement fund with a small contribution of just ₹99. The Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) announced this new facility on Wednesday, which will directly benefit millions of gig workers. The PFRDA stated that platform workers can now invest in NPS at their convenience....

Deaccumulation in India: The Role of Equity, Debt and Annuities in Retirement Income

By Ravi Saraogi & Pushpinder Singh Framework: We adopt a partial annuitisation framework in which a fraction of the retirement corpus is used to purchase an immediate life annuity, while the remainder is retained in a self-managed portfolio. Using a bootstrap Monte Carlo approach with Indian equity, debt and inflation data, we simulate retirement paths across four portfolio allocations, three annuitisation levels (0, 20 and 40 per cent) and four annuity payout rates (6, 7, 8 and 9 per cent)....

June 2026

India’s fertility rate falls below replacement level: Why it matters

India’s fertility rate has for the first time fallen below the level needed to stop the population from shrinking, raising concerns about future labour shortages and an ageing society. For decades, India has seen rapid population growth. According to government statistics, including the Sample Registration System (SRS) Statistical Report — the country’s largest demographic survey — India has had a falling fertility rate for some years, but the reproduction rate remained high enough to keep the population growing. The latest SRS...

April 2026

India’s Informal Sector and AI: Jobs, Justice, Policy

India’s informal sector is unlikely to disappear in the age of AI, but without deliberate policy interventions, it may become increasingly precarious, unequal, and exclusionary. The central issue is not whether AI will be adopted, but whether India can shape this transition to safeguard and enhance informal livelihoods rather than passively allowing technology to displace them at scale. India’s growth story still rests on informal work: over 90 percent of workers are employed in the informal sector, mostly in tiny, unregistered...

Gig Workers And Labour Law In India: Analysing The Legal Vacuum Under The Code On Social Security 2020

By Anshita Jain The rise of the gig economy in India has transformed traditional employment structures while exposing significant gaps in labour law protections. This paper analyses the legal status of gig and platform workers under the Code on Social Security, 2020, highlighting the challenges of worker classification and limited social security coverage. It argues that despite formal recognition, the absence of enforceable rights and clear accountability mechanisms leaves gig workers vulnerable. The paper concludes by suggesting the need for...

March 2026

India. PFRDA expands pool of pension agents to widen NPS distribution

The Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) has expanded the pool of entities eligible to act as pension agents, allowing Points of Presence (PoPs) to engage a wider set of intermediaries to distribute pension schemes, including the National Pension System (NPS). In a circular, the regulator permitted PoPs to onboard additional categories of individuals and institutions under the “any other person” clause of the PFRDA (Point of Presence) Regulations, 2018. The move builds on earlier clarifications issued in September and...

February 2026

India. Report shows retirement plans can face inflation and longevity risks: How to prepare

A new analysis by OmniScience Insights Labs shows that traditional retirement strategies in India may fall short in sustaining income over long retirements. The report highlights how structural design, rather than corpus size alone, determines whether retirees can maintain their lifestyle amid rising costs and market volatility. Inflation risk: Even stable nominal income erodes purchasing power over decades. For example, ₹1 lakh monthly expenses today could rise to nearly ₹1.8 lakh in 10 years at a 6% inflation...

January 2026

India. NPS drives pension expansion, but coverage remains limited amid informality: Economic Survey 2025-26

India’s pension system has expanded steadily over the past decade, but overall coverage remains limited when measured against the size of the country’s vast workforce, the Economic Survey 2025-26 has said. While participation in formal retirement savings schemes is rising, the Survey flags high informality, irregular incomes and low awareness as the biggest structural constraints preventing broad-based pension inclusion, especially among low-income and rural households. According to the Survey, the dominance of informal employment continues to shape the contours of...

Social Protection for Informal Workers

By Abhijeet U Pai The modern working relationships require the law to recognise non-standard forms of employment and address the lack of traditional employment benefits like social protection for them. Informal employment is seen as a job-based (based on nature of job rather than status of the enterprise) concept that cuts across different sectors of economic activity and thus is defined as ‘informal economy’ rather than ‘informal sector’, in terms of employment relationship and protections associated with the job of the...