February 2026
20Feb

Impact of iImmigration on the Japanese Economy: A Multi-Country Simulation Model

By Manabu Shimasawa To quantify the impacts of immigration and fiscal reconstruction on the Japanese economy, we present a dynamic computable general equilibrium OLG model with an overlapping generations structure. We use a total of 16 countries and regions, both including those that are industrialized, such as Japan, the US, and the EU, and developing countries, such as China, Brazil, the Philippines, and Peru. Our simulation results show that a permanent immigration flows of 150,000 will improve the Japanese economy and...

February 20, 2026
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November 2025
28Nov

The Cost of Waiting for Nationality: Impact on Immigrant’s Labor Market Outcomes in Spain

By Yanina Domenella In this paper, I examine the impact of administrative delays in obtaining Spanish nationality on the long-term labor market outcomes of legal immigrants. Using Social Security data from 2006 to 2019 and an instrumental variable strategy, I find that longer delays in nationality acquisition result in significantly lower accumulated earnings over a ten-year period, driven by both lower wages and fewer days worked. Specifically, one additional year of delay reduces accumulated earnings over 10 years by 3.8...

November 28, 2025
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August 2025
22Aug

Saudi Arabia to launch voluntary pension and savings scheme for foreign workers

Saudi Arabia is preparing to announce a new voluntary pension and savings program that will be open to both Saudi and foreign workers, according to the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) latest Article IV consultation report, cited by Al-Eqtisadiah newspaper. The program is designed to boost household savings and is expected to help curb the outflow of workers’ remittances abroad. The Public Pension and Savings Program is anticipated to be unveiled soon. Foreign remittances from Saudi Arabia rose 14 percent last year to...

August 22, 2025
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January 2025
10Jan

Retirees Relocate for Income Tax Exemptions

By Linda Gorman In 2013, the Portuguese government offered foreign retirees relocating to Portugal a 10-year tax exemption on their foreign-source pension income, provided their country of origin had a tax treaty with Portugal. As the number of immigrant retirees grew, the amount of forgone income taxes grew, reaching €1.5 billion, or about 0.6 percent of GDP, by 2021. In that year, the tax exemption was replaced by a 10 percent rate. In 2024, the exemption was repealed. Source National Bureau...

January 10, 2025
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December 2024
11Dec

Immigration and Waning US Labor Force Growth

The growth of the working age population born in the United States has been slowing since 2000, as increasing numbers of native-born workers have been reaching retirement age while smaller generations of young Americans enter their working years. Since 2020, the size of the population aged 18-65 that was born in the United States has actually shrunk. The decline has been most pronounced among non-college educated workers. Corresponding to this decrease in labor supply, unfilled job vacancies and labor...

December 11, 2024
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October 2024
04Oct

Assessing Immigration Impacts in Developing Countries. The Case of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon

By Riccardo Magnani & Marie-Claude KAMAR This article analyzes the effects of low-skilled immigration in developing countries characterized by a large informal sector, high unemployment (especially among highly educated people), and low participation of women in the labor force. We use an OLG model to account for the general equilibrium linkages between the immigration shock, the level of wages and employment, the education choice, and the emigration choice made by natives. The model includes search and matching frictions in the...

October 4, 2024
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July 2024
17Jul

What immigration means for economies as populations get older

Projections by the Census Bureau predict that within 10 years, the number of people 65 and older in the U.S. will be larger than the number of people under 18. Populations getting older is a global trend for the long-industrialized countries — something with sweeping effects on economics, social safety nets and immigration. Marketplace’s senior economics contributor Chris Farrell has been looking into this. He spoke with “Marketplace Morning Report” host David Brancaccio and the following is an edited transcript of their conversation. David...

July 17, 2024
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10Jul

Taiwan Shifts on Immigration as Birth Rate Falls

Taiwan is set to loosen regulations on hiring caregivers, opening the door for more foreigners to meet the rising demand for elderly care in its fast-graying society. A long-standing evaluation will soon no longer be required for the most vulnerable elderly to receive live-in assistance from foreigners, Deputy Labor Minister Wang An-pang told Taiwan's legislature last week. Like its East Asian neighbors, Taiwan is becoming a super-aged society, with people over 65 years old already comprising about 18 percent of the...

July 10, 2024
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05Jul

Pensions for Migrants – Leveraging the Renda Success

By Arun Muralidhar, Leandro Sarai & Sid Muralidhar Since migrants typically come from developing countries, with weak currencies, and are considered informal workers in developed countries, with hard(er) currencies, they slip through the economic and social cracks. Even if they earn a reasonable income, they do not have access to the formal financial sector and hence have no retirement security (much like informal workers in developed or developing countries). Brazil’s digitally-enabled, through Tesouro Direto, RendA+ retirement income bond, designed along the...

July 5, 2024
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June 2024
21Jun

The United States will need 7 million migrants to cover old age support programs for baby boomers

The immigration crisis has become a recurring theme in social gatherings and political debates, and is the main issue of the U.S. presidential election. Amid this discussion, one certainty stands out: while it’s well known that migrants have a need to live in the United States, a study has highlighted that the country needs them too. Twenty percent of U.S. workers were not born in the United States, and it is expected that in the near future more than seven million more migrants...

June 21, 2024
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