November 2025
13Nov

Precarious, Poorly Paid, and Unprotected: The ILO’s Definition of the Informal Economy

The International Labour Organization (ILO) defines informal employment as work “in small or unregistered businesses and undeclared jobs within registered firms,” under a definition adopted by the 17th International Conference of Labour Statisticians in 2013. While such jobs often provide quick income and greater flexibility, they are usually unstable, poorly paid, and lack basic protections such as health insurance or pensions. The ILO notes that informal employment is not limited to unregistered businesses. It can also occur within formal companies when...

November 13, 2025
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07Nov

Determinants of financial inclusion among women-owned enterprises: a case study of the informal sector

By Faizan Khan Sherwani, Sanaa Zafar Shaikh, Shilpa Behal & Mohd Shuaib Siddiqui The purpose of this paper is to analyse the determinants of financial inclusion among women-owned informal enterprises in India. The study is based on a primary survey of 321 informal enterprises. The data has been collected through a structured questionnaire. A chi-square test has been used to examine the significant association between the characteristics of informal enterprises and their owners and financial inclusion. A logistic regression model...

November 7, 2025
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October 2025
20Oct

Ghana. Gov’t intensifying pension reforms to cover informal sector workers – Minister

Government is intensifying efforts to integrate informal sector workers into voluntary pension schemes as part of broader reforms to secure dignified retirement for all Ghanaians. Dr Abdul-Rashid Hassan Pelpuo, Minister of Labour, Jobs and Employment, said this at the Third Health Sector Occupational Pension Scheme Annual General Meeting in Accra. The meeting was held on the theme: “Strengthening Ghana’s Pension Ecosystem for Development and Retirement Security.” While there are more than 200,000 potential beneficiaries, only about 8,000 have been integrated into the...

October 20, 2025
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13Oct

The Political Economy of Gig Pensions

Since 1991, the limited gains attained by working people in terms of social security, including pensions, have been whittled down by the joint actions of the Indian government and big business. Even government employees and teachers have been forcibly transitioned to the defined contribution-based National Pension System (NPS), where both the employee and the government make monthly contributions toward a retirement corpus whose terminal value is market-linked, from the defined benefit Old Pension Scheme (OPS). A small number of private...

October 13, 2025
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09Oct

The Paradox of Demographic Dividend: Ageing Population and the Gig Economy

As I travel from my office in Dal Gate towards Jawahar Nagar, in Srinagar, a 24-year-old food delivery rider parks his scooter in front of a coaching centre. He has just completed his third order of the morning and is checking his phone for the next one. His father, meanwhile, spent three decades as a government schoolteacher, drawing a steady salary and retiring with a pension that still sustains the family. The contrast could not be sharper: the father’s...

October 9, 2025
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01Oct

70m uninsured informal workers pose risk to Nigeria’s economy – Experts

Nigeria is forfeiting a vast pool of long-term savings and investment capital because most of its estimated 70 million informal sector workers are excluded from pension and insurance schemes, financial experts have warned. Speaking at an industry event involving insurance and pension operators in Lagos, the Managing Director of Arthur Stevens Asset Management Limited, Olatunde Amolegbe, stated that failing to capture the informal economy poses a significant economic risk to the country’s financial stability and growth ambitions. Amolegbe said the insurance...

October 1, 2025
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01Oct

US. Gig economy helps power economy, but its workers can’t retire

America is fast approaching a historic milestone. By 2027, freelancers will make up more than 50 percent of the workforce, marking a fundamental shift in the U.S. labor market. Yet many of these workers will have no retirement plan. According to the Pew Research Center, only 13 percent of single-person business owners are saving for retirement compared to almost three-fourths of Americans in traditional jobs. That leaves tens of millions of freelancers and independent workers at risk, just as other...

October 1, 2025
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September 2025
24Sep

UK. Invisible workers face pension crisis

New research from PensionBee, a leader in the consumer retirement market, reveals a deepening divide in the UK’s pension system, with millions of self-employed, gig economy and lower-income workers being denied the same chance of a secure retirement as those in traditional employment. Of the most striking results of the survey of 1,000 UK adults working in the gig economy, was that only 16% of those earning under £15,000 report paying regularly into a personal pension, whilst less than...

September 24, 2025
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23Sep

Nigeria. Micro pension surges nine-fold as tech drives adoption

The Micro Pension Plan (MPP), otherwise known as the Personal Pension Plan (PPP), has grown nine-fold in four years, driven by technology and increased awareness. The plan grew from N168.63 million in 2021 to N1.46 billion in 2025, according to data from the National Pension Commission (PenCom), reflecting that Nigerians are taking steps to secure their future. This trend has also been seen in the voluntary contributions segment under the Contributory Pension Scheme (CPS), where participation grew steadily from...

September 23, 2025
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23Sep

US. These Trump policies put your retirement at risk. Here’s how to plan for the worst.

Essential strategies to protect your retirement amid increasing uncertainty As the old saying goes: Plan for the worst and hope for the best. If ever you need an incentive to plan for the worst, consider reading about the ways in which the Trump administration's policies may be worsening Americans' retirement prospects and increasing uncertainty in the latest paper - "Projecting New Policy Proposals' Effects on Americans' Retirement Prospects" - written by Lauren Valastro, an assistant professor of law at Texas Tech...

September 23, 2025
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