September 2025

OECD Employment Outlook 2025: Can We Get Through the Demographic Crunch?

By Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Over the past two decades, population ageing, increasing statutory retirement ages and rising education levels have led to higher employment rates among workers aged 55 and above in OECD countries. However, progress across countries remain uneven, and employment rates decline rapidly from age 60, such that many workers are leaving employment well before reaching the eligibility age for a pension. To sustain living standards and address structural labour shortages, many countries will need...

Commuting Time, Flexibility, and Job Security

By Bert van Landeghem, Thomas Dohmen & Arne Risa Hole We analyse workers’ preferences for wages, commute time, working-from-home, flexibility, job security, and social impact using discrete choice experiments from 2022 and 2025 with about 4,000 Flemish employees. Preferences for shorter commutes and flexible schedules remain stable post-pandemic, with substantial willingness-to-pay (WTP) for these attributes. However, WTP for job security declined and the value of socially impactful jobs disappeared by 2025. Latent class analysis identifies distinct groups differing in their...

Australia. Why retirees are turning to the gig economy

Ms Symons retired from financial planning about three years ago and was relying on the age pension for an income. But as a renting divorcée with four children and 11 grandchildren, it was hard to make ends meet. The maximum pension payment the 73-year-old could get amounted to about $675 a week. "When you take your rent out of that, the noodles are looking good [but] I don't want to eat noodles," she said. Being a driver paid per job...

India’s gig economy expands rapidly, government steps up worker welfare measures

India’s fast-growing gig and platform workforce is reshaping the world of work, creating new opportunities in urban and semi-urban centres while also posing significant challenges around social security and worker protection. With its half-a-billion-strong labour force, the world’s youngest demographic profile, rapid urbanisation, and widespread smartphone penetration, the country is emerging as a global hub for gig-driven transformation, according to official data. The gig economy, broadly defined as a system where individuals earn outside traditional employer–employee relationships, has seen strong growth...

August 2025

The Causal Influence of Pension on the Participation of Older Workers in the Ghanaian Labour Market

By George Domfe, Kwadwo Opoku & Antoinette Tsiboe-Darko Population ageing has stirred up policy discourse on pension coverage in developing economies. While in most of these countries, a smaller proportion of older persons receive pensions in the form of regular payments from the state, a considerable proportion of them engage in active work to maintain their livelihood. These descriptions are typically true of Ghana. However, it remains unclear in the Ghanaian literature whether the absence of a pension is a...

Financial inclusion, mobile money and the rural, informal economy

FINTECH has revolutionalised banking activities globally over the past one decade so tremendously in both scale and scope. In developing countries, it has brought banking within the reach of many hitherto disadvantaged cohorts of the populace, thus drawing them into the ever-widening circle of those having access to banking operations. It has also contributed significantly to wealth creation within the underprivileged populace, providing regular incomes and access to credit in many instances. Africa has opened up and started to...

US. New Portable Benefits Bill Aims To Help Gig Workers, But Worker Classification Still Matters

Senator Bill Cassidy (R- IL) uncovered the Unlocking Benefits for Independent Workers Act to prevent gig worker misclassification. Under this legislation, companies will be able to voluntarily offer portable benefits without employing gig workers and having to pay for unemployment insurance, overtime pay, and workers' compensation. For some time, there has been a disagreement between labor advocates and large companies like Uber or Lyft over portable benefits. Gig workers have been advocating for worker protections, while larger companies have fought back, deeming them...

Life Behind the Cart in Sierra Leone’s Informal Sector

On any given day, through the dusty or muddy streets of Shell New Road, Freetown, you’ll find Hassan Sesay, 43, pushing his heavy cart, navigating potholes and broken roads, hustling to deliver goods that don’t even belong to him but upon which his entire livelihood depends. Sesay was born along Lunsar Road in Makeni to a builder father and a trader mother. Life was hard. His parents could not afford to send him to school, and his childhood dream of...

Ghana. Pensions Regulatory Authority urges churches to own tier three pensions, register members

Dr Williams Ohene-Adjei, the Bono, Bono East, and Ahafo Regional Manager of the National Pensions Regulatory Authority (NPRA), urged churches to own the Tier Three Pension and register their congregations under the scheme to guarantee their future financial security. He explained that every individual working in the informal sector could register, join, contribute to and benefit from the tier three pension scheme. He asked the churches to set aside some of the dues paid by members and contribute to the pension...

UK. Workplace Pension Stats Show Case to Boost “Invisible Worker” Pensions : PensionBee

UK’s online pension provider PensionBee noted that the Department for Work and Pensions has this morning published annual statistics on workplace pension participation and savings trends: 2009 to 2024. PensionBee also mentioned that the statistics showed that rates of “participation in Auto Enrolment have remained stable in recent years, along with stopping savings levels and contribution levels.” Nine-in-ten eligible employees, “21.7 million people, are saving into a workplace scheme, according to the DWP, while eight-in-ten of all employees are saving into a scheme, or 23.3 million workers.” The freezing...