December 2022

International Comparative Analysis of Worker Age Distribution in the Service Industry
21Dec

International Comparative Analysis of Worker Age Distribution in the Service Industry

By: Donghee Lee The problem of youth unemployment has recently become one of the hottest issues in the South Korean economy. The unemployment rate of the youth, those aged 15 to 29, hit 9.0% in 2014, which is the highest on record since the Asian financial crisis in 1997. This raises concern because while the unemployment rate for all ages fell 0.2%p during 2010~2014, the youth unemployment rate rose 1.0%p in the same period. In addition, the Korean employment rate...

December 21, 2022
Articles, Labor Market, ,
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Declining US Natural Interest Rate: Quantifying and Qualifying the Role of Pensions
20Dec

Declining US Natural Interest Rate: Quantifying and Qualifying the Role of Pensions

By: Jacopo Bonchi & Giacomo Caracciolo We develop a life-cycle model and calibrate it to the US economy to quantify and qualify the role of the public pension system for the past and future trend of the natural interest rate, the so-called r∗. Between 1970 and 2015, past pension reforms mitigated the secular decline in r∗, raising it by around 1%, mainly through the positive effect of a higher replacement rate. As regards the future, we simulate the demographic trends, expected...

December 20, 2022
Articles, System Characterization, , ,
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Conversion from DB to DC: The EU Pension Custodian
20Dec

Conversion from DB to DC: The EU Pension Custodian

By: Hans van Meerten Worldwide we see a move to DC schemes. Most – if not all countries – choose the operate DB next to DC. However, in The Netherlands, the legislator choose for so-called conversion: transforming 'old' DB- to 'new' DC. In 2011, the Dutch legislator introduced the so called 'Pension Custodian'. It could only be used for the Dutch 2nd pillar DC IORP, the PPI. This Pension Custodion should *not* be confused with the IORP II Custodian. However, with the implementation of...

December 20, 2022
Articles, Pension design, , , ,
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Spending Trajectories after Age 65: Variation by Initial Wealth
20Dec

Spending Trajectories after Age 65: Variation by Initial Wealth

By: M Hurd & Susann Rohwedder   There has been extensive research on the importance of saving for retirement and on tools to support the accumulation of retirement wealth. Much less attention has been paid to the decumulation phase, that is, the spending down of wealth following retirement. Understanding the decumulation phase requires information about the spending patterns of older households and how those patterns evolve with age. This study uses comprehensive longitudinal data on total household spending from a survey...

December 20, 2022
Articles, Pension design, Savings, ,
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08Dec

Platforms Disrupting Reputation: Precarity and Recognition Struggles In The Remote Gig Economy

By Alex Wood & Vili Lehdonvirta Digitalisation and the use of algorithms have raised concerns over the future of work, the gig economy being identified by some as particularly concerning. In this article, we draw on 70 interviews in addition to participant observations to highlight the role of gig economy platforms in producing a novel form of reputational insecurity. This insecurity is generated by platforms disrupting the traditional operation of industry reputation in freelance markets. We highlight three areas of transformation...

December 8, 2022
Articles, Labor Market, ,
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08Dec

Intergenerational Solidarity

By Alan Gutterman Aging is a natural progression of the life cycle and society will always have persons of different ages who need to learn to live alongside one another. One of the most consistent themes in the debate regarding the realization of the human rights of older persons is the need to strengthen “intergenerational solidarity” between and among all levels of families, communities and nations in order to achieve social cohesion and a society for all ages and build...

December 8, 2022
Aging, Articles, ,
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08Dec

Can Investors Save the Planet? – NZAMI and Fiduciary Duty

By Tom Gosling & Iain MacNeil Asset manager signatories of the Net Zero Asset Manager Initiative, part of the Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero, have committed to investing in line with the Race to Zero goal of limiting global warming to 1.5oC with limited or no overshoot. Given that a recent report from United Nations Environment Programme says that there is “no credible pathway” in place to 1.5oC, we explore the implications for asset managers, as fiduciaries, of investing...

December 8, 2022
Articles, Investment, System Sustainability, ,
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02Dec

From Financial Development to Informality: A Causal Link

By Salvatore Capasso, Franziska Ohnsorge & Shu Yu Financial development reduces the cost of accessing external financing and thus incentivizes investment in higher-productivity projects that allow firms to expand to the scale needed to operate in the formal economy. It also encourages participants of the informal sector to join the formal sector to gain access to credit and financial services. This paper documents two findings. First, countries with less pervasive informality are associated with greater financial development. Second, the impact...

December 2, 2022
Articles, System Characterization,
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02Dec

Are Retirement Planning Tools Substitutes or Complements to Financial Capability?

By Gopi Goda, Matthew Levy, Colleen Flaherty Manchester, Aaron Sojourner, Joshua Tasoff & Jiusi Xiao We conduct a randomized controlled trial to understand how a web-based retirement saving calculator affects workers' retirement-savings decisions. In both conditions, the calculator projects workers' retirement income goal. In the treatment condition, it also projects retirement income based on defined-contribution savings, prominently displays the gap between projected goal and actual retirement income, and allows users to interactively explore how alternative, future contribution choices would affect...

December 2, 2022
Articles, Labor Market, Pension design, , ,
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02Dec

Inequities in the Golden Years: How Wealth Shapes Healthy and Work-Free Life

By Hessam Bavafa, Anita Mukherjee & Tyler Welch Recent work has established that the gradient of life expectancy with respect to wealth is large and widening. We make three contributions to build on that result using two recent decades of data from the United States. First, the additional years are in healthy, disability-free years, indicating substantial gains for the wealthy. Second, the return to wealth in achieving these healthy years is increasing over two recent decades for all but the...

December 2, 2022
Articles, Pension design, ,
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