December 2020

03Dec

Long-Term Effects of the Targeting the Ultra Poor Program

By Abhijit V. Banerjee, Esther Duflo, Garima Sharma This paper studies the long-run effects of a “big-push” program providing a large asset transfer to the poorest Indian households. In a randomized controlled trial that follows these households over 10 years, we find positive effects on consumption (1 SD), food security (0.1 SD), income (0.3 SD), and health (0.2 SD). These effects grow for the first seven years following the transfer and persist until year 10, consistent with the alleviation...

December 3, 2020
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November 2020

27Nov

Longevity Risk and Hedging Solutions

By Guy Coughlan, David P. Blake, Richard D. MacMinn, Andrew J. G. Cairns, Kevin Dowd Longevity risk – the risk of unanticipated increases in life expectancy – has only recently been recognized as a significant global risk that has materially raised the costs of providing pensions and annuities. We first discuss historical trends in the evolution of life expectancy and then analyze the hedging solutions that have been developed for managing longevity risk. One set of solutions has come...

November 27, 2020
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27Nov

Continuous-time Optimal Pension Indexing in Pay-as-You-Go Systems

By Oriol Roch Ageing population and economic crisis have placed pay-as-you-go pension systems in need of mechanisms to ensure its financial stability. In this paper, we consider optimal indexing of pensions as an instrument to cope with the financial imbalances typically found in these systems. Using dynamic programming techniques in a stochastic continuous-time framework, we compute the optimal pension index and portfolio strategy that best target indexing and liquidity objectives determined by the government. A numerical example is provided...

November 27, 2020
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27Nov

Pension and Health Services Utilization: Evidence from Social Pension Expansion in China

By Shanquan Chen, Xi Chen, Stephen Law, Henry Lucas, Shenlan Tang, Qian Long, Lei Xue and Zheng Wang The proportion of people aged 60 years or over is growing faster than other age groups. The well-being older adults depend heavily on their state of health. This study evaluates the effects of pensions on older adults' health service utilization, and estimates the size of pension required to influence such utilization. Using a nationally representative survey, the China Health and Retirement...

November 27, 2020
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17Nov

Building Better Retirement Systems in the Wake of the Global Pandemic

By Olivia S. Mitchell In the wake of the global pandemic known as COVID-19, retirees, along with those hoping to retire someday, have been shocked into a new awareness of the need for better risk management tools to handle longevity and aging. This paper offers an assessment of the status quo prior to the spread of the coronavirus, evaluates how retirement systems are faring in the wake of the shock. Next we examine insurance and financial market products that may...

November 17, 2020
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12Nov

Factors Associated with the Ownership of Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs): Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior

By Frank Magwegwe Despite the importance of retirement savings, many individuals retire with lack of adequate retirement savings. Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior, we developed a model in which psychological factors influence the calculation of retirement savings needs, which in turn influences the ownership of independent retirement accounts. The results showed that favorable attitudes, strong social norms, and perceived behavioral control are associated with calculating retirement savings needs. Also, calculating retirement savings needs as well as perceived behavioral...

November 12, 2020
Articles, Pension design, Savings, , ,
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12Nov

Defining Climate-Aligned Investment: An Analysis of Sustainable Finance Taxonomy Development

By Aneil Tripathy, Lionel Mok, Katie House The green bond market has grown rapidly since its inception in 2007. Climate-aligned standards provide investors with the confidence that their investments deliver a measurable climate benefit. Serving as a benchmark, these standards demonstrate alignment with the Paris Agreement, against which green bond issuers can then report compliance. This paper draws on the authors’ experiences as practitioners and researchers helping to develop the Climate Bonds Standard and the European Union’s Sustainable Finance...

November 12, 2020
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12Nov

What Matters in the Annuitization Decision?

By Mohamad Hassan Abou Daya, Carole Bernard We conduct a simultaneous test for several rational and behavioral factors which have been hypothesized to affect the uptake of life annuities on a sample of American individuals. In addition, we investigate whether analysts’ stock market expectations affect the decision to annuitize retirement wealth. We provide evidence that the effect of such expectations depends on the level of trust in them. We attribute our findings to the availability heuristic and default probabilities....

November 12, 2020
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05Nov

Pension Schemes in the European Union: Challenges and Implications from Macroeconomic and Financial Stability Perspectives

By Antonio Sánchez Serrano,Tuomas Peltonen Pension schemes have a significant influence on the saving and consumption decisions of households. Similarly, contributions to pension arrangements are substantial expenditures for national governments and also for corporations, depending on the prevailing pension system. Beyond this, pension schemes play an important role in the economy, channelling savings into investments through capital markets. However, demographic factors and the macroeconomic environment (low interest rates, low growth and low productivity) are raising concerns about the sustainability...

November 5, 2020
Articles, Pension design, System Sustainability,
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05Nov

Social Insurance, Demographics, and Rural-Urban Migration in China

By Neha Bairoliya, Ray Miller We develop a dynamic general equilibrium model to analyze the impact of social insurance policy and demographic changes on rural-urban migration in China. Quantitative analyses indicate that different social insurance programs not only have differential effects on net migration flows but also on the age and income distribution of migrants. Enrolling migrants in urban pensions discourages rural-urban migration at young ages and reverse migration in old-age. In contrast, urban health insurance incentivizes rural-urban migration...

November 5, 2020
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