April 2020
17Apr

Culture and Gender Allocation of Tasks: Source Country Characteristics and the Division of Non-Market Work among US Immigrants

By Francine D. Blau, Lawrence M. Kahn, Matthew Comey, Amanda Eng, Pamela Meyerhofer, Alexander Willen There is a well-known gender difference in time allocation within the household, which has important implications for gender differences in labor market outcomes. We ask how malleable this gender difference in time allocation is to culture. In particular, we ask if US immigrants allocate tasks differently depending upon the characteristics of the source countries from which they emigrated. Using data from the 2003-2017 waves...

April 17, 2020
Articles, Labor Market, , ,
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17Apr

The challenges of social security in the world: a Latin American polaroid

By Nelson Dionel Cardozo This essay seeks to discuss the diagnoses of the so-called "pension crisis". In the literature we find a hypothesis that population aging and changes in employment markets will make the payment of public pensions unsustainable in the future. This is explained by the decrease in the number of workers and the increase in the number of older adults in the population pyramid. Thus, the arguments critical of this vision, which has become hegemonic in the...

April 17, 2020
Articles, System Sustainability,
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17Apr

Income and Wealth Shocks and Expectations during the COVID-19 Pandemic

By Tobin Hanspal, Annika Weber, Johannes Wohlfart In early April 2020 we conducted a survey on a representative sample of more than 8,000 US households to study the effect of the coronavirus crisis on household income and retirement wealth, households' expectations about the recovery, and the impact of the shock on individuals' economic choices. Wealth shocks are large across the population, but more pronounced for middle-age households and those higher in the wealth and income distributions. This contrasts with...

April 17, 2020
Articles, Labor Market, System Sustainability, , , ,
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11Apr

Enlisting Employees In Improving Payroll-Tax Compliance: Evidence From Mexico

By Todd Kumler, Eric Verhoogen, Judith A. Frías A growing body of research suggests that difficulties in collecting taxes are an important constraint on economic performance in developing countries. Evidence from rich countries points to third- party reporting — in particular, employer reports of employees' wages — as a potential remedy. To what extent does the accuracy of third-party reporting carry over to developing countries, with their weaker enforcement regimes? In this paper, we compare two sources of wage information...

April 11, 2020
Articles, Labor Market, Operation, , ,
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08Apr

Regime-Switching in the Volatility of Mexican Pension Fund Returns

By Francisco López-Herrera, Marissa R. Martínez-Preece, Roberto Joaquín Santillán-Salgado Several Latin American countries reformed their retirement-pension systems during the 1980s and 1990s because the previous funded or pay-as-you-go systems were deemed insufficient to support the rapidly growing aging populations. Mexico was no exception, and in 1997 it replaced its traditional pay-as-you-go system with a privately managed scheme, in which contributions by or on behalf of active workers are deposited in individual accounts and channeled to a privately managed pension...

April 8, 2020
Articles, Investment
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08Apr

Covid-19: Restrictions, Economic Losses And Incentives. European And Global Overview

By Virginia CÂMPEANU The viral epidemic COVID-19 started in December 2019 in a large city of China, Wuhan with a population of about 20 million, similar to that of Romania. The huge speed of virus spread inside China, then outside the borders has determined the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare on January 30, 2020, "Global emergency for public health" (pandemic). In mid-March, the epicentre of the epidemic moved from Asia to Europe, where the number of cases continues...

April 8, 2020
Articles, System Sustainability, , , ,
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03Apr

Pension Policy in Europe and the United States – Towards a New Public-Private Pension Mix

By Onorato Castellino, Elsa Fornero, Christina Benita Wilke Pension reform has occupied and will continue to occupy an important place in the welfare state reform agenda on both sides of the Atlantic. In both the European Union (EU) and the United States (US) demographic forces in the form of an aging population and low fertility pose significant long-run fiscal challenges to traditional public pay-as-you-go (PAYG) systems. In addition, the pace of pension reforms in most EU countries has accelerated...

April 3, 2020
Articles, Pension design, , ,
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03Apr

The Political (In)Stability of Funded Pension Systems

By Roel M. W. J. Beetsma, Oliwia Komada, Krzysztof Makarski, Joanna Tyrowicz We analyze the political stability of capital funded social security. In particular, using a stylized theoretical framework we study the mechanisms behind governments capturing pension assets in order to lower current taxes. This is followed by an analysis of the analogous mechanisms in a fully-edged overlapping generations model with intra-cohort heterogeneity. Funding is efficient in a Kaldor-Hicks sense. Individuals vote on capturing the accumulated pension assets and...

April 3, 2020
Articles, System Sustainability, ,
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03Apr

How People React to Pension Risk

By Nicolas Salamanca, Andries de Grip, Olaf Sleijpen We show that people exposed to greater pension risk are less likely to invest in risky assets. We exploit a reform that links people's future pension benefits to their pension funds' funding ratio—a measure of the fund's financial health—making funding ratios a fund-specific measure of pension risk. The effect of pension risk is stronger for people who are better informed about their pensions, for retirees and pension-age non-retirees, and for wealthier...

April 3, 2020
Articles, Savings, ,
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March 2020

28Mar

The Economics of Ageing—What Do You Face?

By Ian M. McDonald The economics of ageing is the study of economic decision‐making by individuals and government aimed at fostering well‐being in old age. These decisions include preparing for old age and dealing with the risks of old age. The risks are substantial. Using the life‐cycle model, this article considers the risks for well‐being that people face in retirement and the role of government and private insurance in meeting those risks. The perspective of the life‐cycle model is...

March 28, 2020
Aging, Articles, , ,
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