July 2025

Fuerza laboral envejecida: entre la extensión de la vida laboral y la informalidad persistente

Por Observatorio del Envejecimiento  La informalidad es una característica persistente y significativa en la participación laboral de las personas mayores. La tasa de informalidad adopta una forma de “U” a lo largo del ciclo de vida: es alta en la juventud, disminuye en la adultez media y vuelve a aumentar en edades avanzadas. Las brechas según nivel de ingresos son significativas. Entre los hombres de 65 a 69 años, el 79% del quintil de menores ingresos continúa trabajando informalmente, mientras...

América Latina: Un Continente Joven en Proceso de Envejecimiento

Por Eleonora G. Ermólieva El envejecimiento poblacional es un fenómeno global, pero, según los expertos de organismos internacionales, en América Latina este proceso se desarrolla a un ritmo más elevado que en otras regiones del mundo. A finales de la década corriente en la región habrá más personas mayores de 60 años que las menores de 15. Para el año 2030 el grupo de tercera edad llegará a 114,9 millones de habitantes y representará el 16,5% de la población total....

Brechas de género desigualdad en el ingreso y factores socioeconómicos de las mujeres en México

Por David Robles Ortiz &  Paulina Cortés Hernández Uno de los grupos que presentan mayor vulnerabilidad laboral son las mujeres trabajadoras en México, las cuales tienen mayor presencia en empleos informales carentes de prestaciones laborales y, en muchos casos, sin ingresos. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo analizar la desigualdad económica relacionada al ingreso que perciben las mujeres en México en el mercado de trabajo formal e informal. Lo anterior se logra con el análisis de microdatos y una estimación...

Unintended Consequences: How Scaling Back Public Pensions Puts Government Revenues at Risk

By National Conference on Public Employee Retirement Systems The argument that taxpayers cannot afford public pensions has gained traction despite a woeful lack of empirical evidence to support it. Legislators across the nation are contemplating options for the future funding of public-sector worker retirement benefits at a time when competition for finite state and local resources is fierce. The reasons are familiar: the lingering effects of recession and misguided budget priorities have taken a toll. Time and again, defined-benefit pensions...

State of the nation: DB endgames – where are we now and what’s next?

By Laura McLaren & Lauren Branney  For those managing defined benefit (DB) pension schemes, it’s a pivotal and exciting time. The pensions landscape has changed significantly in recent years, opening up new strategic possibilities. We’ve seen record-breaking activity in the bulk annuity market and growing innovation in consolidation, and alternative risk transfer, leading to new settlement options. We’ve also seen more schemes considering the potential benefits of running on. We explore how the DB pensions environment has shifted, and what this could...

Population Aging and Financial Stability: An Empirical Analysis

By Hun Jang This study empirically examines the impact of population aging on financial stability. Constructing an unbalanced panel of 7,148 banks across 38 OECD countries over 27 years, we find that deeper demographic aging undermines banks’ capital adequacy and lowers their Z-Scores, thereby exerting a negative effect on financial stability. These adverse effects arise because slower growth, higher interest-expense burdens, and compressed net interest margins erode profitability, prompting banks to loosen risk standards in an effort to offset mounting...

Greener Pensions, Greener Choices: Linking Investments to Sustainable Behavior

By Olga Balakina, Charlotte Christiansen & Malene Kallestrup Lamb This paper examines how offering sustainable investment options influences sustainable consumption behavior. We combine a natural experiment in which individuals receive an option to switch to a pension plan with a strong sustainability profile with detailed household register data. This sustainable option improves sustainable consumption, as reflected in electric vehicle adoption and reduced vehicle emissions. The effect is primarily driven by individuals who do not choose the sustainable plan. We show that...

Pensions in Spain: A Reform that Backfires

By Julián Díaz Saavedra & Javier Díaz-Giménez After the pension policy reversal that took place at the end of the past decade, the Spanish government approved a pack of new parametric changes to its public pension system, to cope with the present and future Spanish pension system imbalance. To study these changes, we use a large-scale overlapping generations model calibrated to the Spanish Economy, and show that this pension reform backfires. This is because these changes bring no significant variation...

El desafío de avanzar hacia fondos generacionales en América Latina

Por Federación Internacional de Administradoras de Fondos de Pensiones Los fondos generacionales están cobrando impulso en América Latina, con reformas de pensiones que los introducen permiten en países como México, Costa Rica, Chile, Colombia y Perú. Estos ajustan automáticamente el riesgo de las inversiones según la edad del afiliado, disminuyéndolo progresivamente a medida que se acerca la jubilación. El otro enfoque utilizado en la región son los multifondos, que buscan maximizar la rentabilidad permitiendo al afiliado escoger el nivel de...

Developing Retirement Living Standards

By Matt Padley & Claire Shepherd The Retirement Living Standards (RLS), first published in 2019 and funded by the Pensions and Lifetime Savings Association (PLSA), set out what the public agree is needed to retire at two living standards above a minimum standard of living, based on extensive research with members of the public. The research uses the established approach to defining minimum living standards pioneered at CRSP and describes in detail what the public agree single and partnered retirees...