July 2025

Individuals’ challenges managing pensions through retirement

By Bee Boileau, Jonathan Cribb & Carl Emmerson This report is one of two reports on the management of pension wealth in retirement conducted as part of the Pensions Review, led by the Institute for Fiscal Studies in partnership with the abrdn Financial Fairness Trust. In this report, we examine the decisions that older individuals face as they draw on and manage their private pension wealth through retirement. In particular, we highlight the growing importance of defined contribution (DC) wealth,...

When Uncertainties Matter: the Causal Effect of Cryptocurrency Investment on Retirement Hardship Withdrawals

By Zefeng Bai, Pengcheng Wang & hengwei zhang Cryptocurrencies are invested in by approximately 15% of U.S. households. However, the high volatility of these assets poses substantial financial risks, particularly as 40% of U.S. households already face potential retirement shortages. Therefore, the present study aims at investigating the impact of cryptocurrency investment on retirement borrowing. Our causal analysis of 1,912 respondents revealed that cryptocurrency investors are 7.4% more likely to make a hardship withdrawal from their retirement accounts. This study provides...

La salud financiera de las personas de la tercera edad: desafíos y soluciones para un envejecimiento digno

Por Manuel Zavaleta Suárez & Nomar Eduardo Barraza Valenzuela Las personas mayores, las cuales son aquellas que tienen 65 años o más de edad, representan una parte importante de la población mexicana. Según el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI), en su último Censo de Población y Vivienda (2020), indica que en México existen 47.7 personas mayores por cada 100 niños, niñas y adolescentes. No solamente son una proporción importante en términos demográficos, sino que esta proporción ha aumentado...

Retirement Then, Now, and Next

By Teresa Ghilarducci & The SCEPA Team  Late Baby Boomers (age 59-67), Generation X (age 43-58) and Millennials (age 27-42) are retiring under much worse conditions than Early Baby Boomers (between age 68-76 in 2022). This fact gets obscured by research that paints an optimistic picture of retirement security that only really existed for Early Baby Boomers. Later generations have been impacted by changes to the conditions of retirement that Early Baby Boomers did not experience. This includes: the shift...

National Pension Fund and Stock Liquidity: Evidence from Korea

By Eunyoung Cho & Cheol-Won Yang We investigate the impact of the national pension’s trading on individual stock liquidity. While prior research has primarily focused on the effects of national pension funds on market performance or volatility, this paper shifts attention to liquidity, a relatively underexplored dimension of market quality. Utilizing detailed transaction-level data from the National Pension Service (NPS) of Korea between 2010 and 2019, we assess the relationship between NPS trading activity and stock liquidity by employing both...

Global Aging and Growth: Is There a Silver Dividend?

By Donghyun Park & Kwanho Shin Despite concerns about the economic impact of population aging, this study highlights the potential for a 'silver dividend' as longer lifespans extend working lives. We show that the effects of aging on growth are highly nonlinear and concentrated in more advanced, older economies. Labor shortages are often offset by rising labor force participation, particularly in countries with higher life expectancy, stronger human capital, and greater trade openness. Larger governments, measured by consumption, appear to...

Roadmap for Retirement: The Case for a National Pension Dashboard

By Kathryn Bush Retirement planning is getting harder for Canadians as more savings shift to definedcontribution plans, and account information is scattered across institutions. Given current financial literacy levels in Canada, many people struggle to understand what they'll have to live on in retirement. A pension dashboard could help by bringing all their retirement savings and benefits into one place. A pension dashboard is a government or government-sanctioned online tool that shows individuals all their retirement income sources-including government benefits,...

The Pensions Review: final recommendations

By Jonathan Cribb, Carl Emmerson, Paul Johnson, Heidi Karjalainen & Laurence O’Brien This final report of the Pensions Review, a major project launched in April 2023 by the Institute for Fiscal Studies, in partnership with abrdn Financial Fairness Trust, examines the main risks to today’s working-age individuals in the UK pension system and sets out policy proposals primarily focused on improving outcomes for future generations of retirees. This report does further analysis and draws on the large number of reports...

Addressing the Challenges for Asset-backed Pensions in Indonesia

By Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development This report assesses the challenges to ensuring adequate benefits in retirement for the Indonesian population. The design of the asset-backed pension system aims to help individuals to accumulate resources to finance their retirement. However, the rules of the system may not help achieve the desired objectives, appropriate schemes or vehicles may not always be available and individuals may not necessarily make use of those available. This can lead to retirement savings gaps that...

Los grupos discriminados en México y su relación con la informalidad laboral

Por David Robles-Ortiz  La discriminación y la informalidad laboral son temas pendientes en la agenda pública de México. De acuerdo con cifras oficiales, en el país se identifican 7 grupos típicamente discriminados: personas con diversidad religiosa, etnias y afrodescendientes, adolescentes, adultos mayores, discapacitados, migrantes y mujeres. En el caso de la informalidad laboral, cerca del 60% de la población trabajadora del país indica no contar con acceso a la seguridad social por parte de su empleo, es decir, son informales....