April 2025

Zimbabwe. Short-term insurers target informal sector

The Insurance Council of Zimbabwe (ICZ), an association of short-term insurers, says the industry is exploring new business lines through inclusive insurance and targeting the informal sector. Motor and fire insurance continue to dominate short-term insurance industry revenue in both local currency and US dollar terms. According to the Insurance and Pensions Commission (Ipec) third-quarter 2024 report, direct short-term insurers reported consolidated insurance revenue amounting to ZiG 2,53 billion and US$153,97 million in terms of foreign currency business. During the reporting period,...

Pensions at a Crossroads: Building Inclusive Retirement Systems for an Aging World

The World Bank’s Social Protection and Jobs Global Practice, in collaboration with the ASPIRE team and informed by research from the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA), delivers a timely and comprehensive report. This document scrutinizes the global state of pension and social insurance systems, offering insight into their adequacy, sustainability, and coverage in a world experiencing rapid population aging. As the share of elderly citizens rises sharply across...

Robots and Informal Employment in China

By Haiyan Lin This paper examines labor adjustments between the informal and formal sectors in response to the adoption of industrial robots in China. Using a longitudinal household data from 2010 to 2018, I find that robotization increases informal employment. Quantitatively, one more robot per thousand workers increases the share of informal employment by 1.16 percentage points. The reallocation is not driven by new entrants or re-entrants, but by workers initially employed in the formal sector. Displaced formal workers tend...

Women, self-employed most vulnerable to pension shortfalls: Eiopa

Europe’s pension system is becoming increasingly unsustainable, Eiopa chair Petra Hielkema warned. She highlighted that women, self-employed workers and people with limited financial literacy are the most vulnerable, stressing the need for structural reforms to ensure long-term retirement security. The European Union's pension system is “no longer sustainable” in its current form and must undergo urgent reform to prevent millions of retirees from falling into poverty, Petra Hielkema, chairperson of the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (Eiopa), stated in...

March 2025

2024 Informal Economy Report

By Moniepoint The informal economy, also known as the shadow economy, comprises businesses that are typically described as untaxed and unregistered. And it is all around you: your family, neighbours, and even friends who have side hustles to supplement their income. This report weaves critical data, insights and expert perspectives to illuminate and help you understand Nigeria’s shadow economy. Get the report here

Minimum Wage Policy and the Gender Wage Gap

By Hang Anh Nguyen, Martin O'Brien & Alfredo Paloyo Minimum wage policies have become a nearly universal feature of modern labour markets, with over 90% of countries implementing statutory wage floors since 2012 (Del Carpio & Pabon, 2014). Yet, despite their widespread adoption, the economic effects of minimum wages remain highly contested. Advocates argue that they boost earnings for lowwage workers, reduce income inequality, and mitigate poverty, while critics contend that they suppress productivity, distort wage structures, and incentivise firms...

The End of Traditional Retirement: Building Financial Security in a Changing World

Have you ever seen your father leave for work every morning, heading to the same office, doing the same job, surrounded by the same colleagues for decades? It was a time when career paths were straightforward, stability was the norm, and retirement felt like a well-earned reward after years of dedication. Now, look at your own career—how many jobs have you switched already? Two? Three? Maybe more? And still, the future feels uncertain. Jobs that once lasted a lifetime are...

February 2025

Why a significant portion of Nigeria’s workforce remains vulnerable to old-age poverty – Aiku

Opeyemi Aiku is a seasoned investment management professional with over 19 years of experience in multi-asset portfolio management, high-net-worth advisory, pension fund oversight, and financial planning. She specialises in fixed income, equities, and alternative investments, applying her expertise in risk management, research, and strategic planning to help individuals and institutions achieve long-term financial stability and growth. As Senior Investment Manager at TotalEnergies EP Nigeria CPFA Limited, she oversees the Fixed Income & Research desk, ensuring fund portfolios align with strategic...

Bangladesh. Informal economy under stress

In the bustling lanes of Dhaka's Karwan Bazar, Rina Begum, a 42-year-old street vendor, arranges fresh vegetables on her wooden cart before sunrise. Her business-unregistered, untaxed, and absent from official GDP reports-is part of Bangladesh's informal economy, a vast network of small-scale, unregulated ventures that employ millions. Globally, the informal sector accounts for over 60 per cent of employment; in Bangladesh, it sustains 85 per cent of the workforce, from rickshaw pullers to home-based garment workers. Yet, as inflation...

India. Atal Pen­sion Yojana enrol­ments grow 29% annu­ally since 2019

The Centre’s ambi­tious Atal Pen­sion Yojana (APY), launched in 2015 to provide uni­ver­sal social secur­ity to India’s unor­gan­ised work­force, has wit­nessed a remark­able surge in enrol­ments, with five States alone account­ing for nearly half of the total sub­scribers. FOCUS. Accord­ing to the latest data presen­ted in the Lok Sabha, Uttar Pra­desh leads with 16.11 per cent of total enrol­ments, fol­lowed by Bihar (9.59 per cent), Maha­rashtra (7.96 per cent), West Bengal (7.68 per cent), and Tamil Nadu (6.69 per cent). Com­bined,...