January 2024
19Jan

Inter-Generational Spillovers in Labor Supply: Evidence from a Danish Retirement Reform

By Malene C. F. Laczek In this paper, I study how the labor supply of one generation affects the next. Utilizing longitudinal Danish register data and a large retirement reform, I document that parents’ retirement significantly affects the labor supply of their adult children. This inter-generational link is driven solely by mothers. Concretely, mothers’ retirement permanently increases their adult children’s income rank by 7 income rank points, driven by increased hours worked, participation in the labor force, improved occupational rank,...

January 19, 2024
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18Jan

China’s Population Drops by 2 Million in 2023 Due to Record Low Birth Rate

China has long seen the United States as its main geopolitical rival. But the Chinese government is facing a new threat – this one from within: a precipitous decline in the country’s birth rate, leading to a rapidly aging – and shrinking – population. China’s population fell by a staggering 2.08 million people in 2023 to 1.409 billion, according to the country’s National Bureau of Statistics. Its population had declined by 850,000 in 2022, which had been the country’s first year-over-year decline...

January 18, 2024
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04Jan

Japan retirement trends: job-seeking seniors double in 10 years

The number of people 65 and older looking for work in Japan has more than doubled over the past decade, government employment center data shows, creating the challenge of matching them with the right jobs in a shrinking labor pool. A Hello Work employment center in Tokyo's Ikebukuro district has a counter just for senior citizens. Some need work to supplement their income, but others just want to stay active. "I want to work until I'm 70," said a 66-year-old man who was there to fill out paperwork...

January 4, 2024
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December 2023
15Dec

Pensions at a Glance 2023: OECD and G20 Indicators

By OECD The 2023 edition of Pensions at a Glance highlights the pension reforms undertaken by OECD countries over the last two years. It includes a special chapter focusing on pension provisions for hazardous or arduous work. It describes existing rules, characterises recent policy trends and assesses the design and functioning of early-retirement rules for hazardous or arduous jobs given changing working conditions and ageing pressure on pension systems. This edition also updates information on the key features of pension provision in...

December 15, 2023
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15Dec

Retirement Trajectories and Social Security’s Retirement Earnings Test

By Bob Joondeph Chair, Nancy J. Altman, Jagadeesh Gokhale & Amy Shuart Social Security’s retirement earnings test (RET) temporarily withholds or reduces the Social Security benefits of people below full retirement age (FRA) who work and earn above a certain threshold while collecting retirement benefits. Those benefits are increased at FRA to account for the months when benefits were withheld or reduced under the RET. The legislative intent of the RET, which has been part of the law since Social...

December 15, 2023
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15Dec

The Employment Landscape of Older Migrant Workers in China’s Aging Society: The Role of City-Level and Industry Specialization

By Haobin Fan & Ting Zhang As China’s population ages, more older workers are participating in the labor market, including a significant number of older migrant workers moving to urban areas. However, surprisingly little research has been done on their destination city and employment patterns. This paper addresses this gap by investigating the impact of city-level and industry specialization on the employment prospects of older migrant workers. Using both individual- and city-level data, we find that unlike prime-age migrant workers, older migrant workers have higher...

December 15, 2023
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15Dec

Anticipated U.S. Population Decline and the Risks Ahead

U.S. Census Bureau projections from November reveal a startling prospect: The United States population will most likely begin to decline by 2080, spelling out substantial risks for economic and social stability in the coming decades. Population growth is critical for maintaining a strong economy and preserving social safety net programs, yet in many parts of the U.S., the rising cost of living along with stagnating wages are causing more and more young people to rethink their goals of starting a family....

December 15, 2023
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07Dec

Powerful Leaders are crying (literally) for women to have more babies

By Jessie Tu   North Korean leader Kim Jong Un is the latest male leader to address his country’s declining birth rate. Last Sunday, he spoke at the country’s first National Mothers Meeting in eleven years, encouraging North Korea’s women to have more babies. “Stopping the decline in birth rates and providing good childcare and education are all our family affairs that we should solve together with our mothers,” the 39-year old leader said in Pyongyang. He went on to say that women...

December 7, 2023
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06Dec

We Have to Strengthen the Gig Economy and Its Workers in 2024. Here’s How |

  It's past time in 2024 to strengthen the income, benefits, and safety net for workers in America's gig economy. More than 57 million workers participate in some way in the gig economy today—the economy of independent contractors, freelancers, and contingent and online platform workers. They are in all sectors and occupations: as home repair persons, temp workers, hair stylists, as well as drivers for Uber, Lyft, DoorDash, and the other delivery services. Their numbers rose by an estimated 15 percent...

December 6, 2023
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06Dec

China’s Population Problem Worsens

If population issues were like steel production, China would be making all the right moves. A rise of 10% in steel production can be generated simply by a government decree. Unfortunately for China, the same top-down, party-directed steps that would generate that increase in steel is not likely to be the right approach to reversing the population decline, and might make the problem worse. The problem itself is not unique to China. Many other countries face the challenge of a...

December 6, 2023
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