September 2025

Digital Pension Systems, Economic Growth, and Alleviation of Elderly Poverty

By Xue Wu Based on panel data from 31 provinces and municipalities in China (excluding Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau) from 2011 to 2023, this study empirically examines the relationship among the digital pension system, economic growth, and the alleviation of elderly poverty. The empirical analysis yields the following findings: (1) A well-developed digital pension system helps to alleviate elderly poverty; (2) Economic growth significantly mitigates elderly poverty; (3) The digital pension system serves as a mediating factor in the effect...

Recuperación del Empleo en Chile: Avances, desafíos y brechas persistentes

Por Ministerio del Trabajo y Previsión Social, Subsecretaría del Trabajo & Unidad de Estudios El mercado laboral en Chile ha mostrado avances significativos en su recuperación tras la pandemia, aunque persisten desafíos importantes en la inserción de algunos sectores rezagados. La recuperación del empleo ha sido impulsada principalmente por el crecimiento del trabajo formal y femenino. Mientras que la ocupación informal ha caído, afectando la absorción de trabajadores con menores niveles educativos. Libro completo aquí

Pensiones en México: problemas contemporáneos

Por María Ascensión Morales Ramírez & Diana Beatriz González Carvallo La creación de los sistemas de pensiones en el siglo XIX ha constituido uno de los más grandes logros, porque resolvió un problema esencial de las personas trabajadoras: los ingresos en la etapa más vulnerable de su vida. Con ellos, la vejez se reconoció como un asunto de Estado, pues aunque en forma directa afectaba al trabajador, indirectamente perjudicada a la sociedad; por ello, la seguridad social ha estado dominada...

Pensiones en Latinoamérica: Claves para atraer, retener y cuidar al empleado

Por Gonzalo Vértiz Díaz El panorama de los sistemas de pensiones en América Latina está evolucionando rápidamente. En las últimas décadas, hemos sido testigos de una transición constante a esquemas de contribución definida (CD), a medida que gobiernos y empleadores buscan hacer que los sistemas de jubilación sean más sostenibles frente al envejecimiento de la población. En América Latina, muchos países enfrentan una combinación de desafíos: expectativas de vida en aumento, sistemas de seguridad social presionados y altos niveles de informalidad laboral...

Viabilidad e impacto de los sistemas pensionarios en México: diferencias y perspectivas futuras

Por José Antonio Villalobos López El objetivo del trabajo es analizar el sistema pensionario mexicano, identificar las diferencias que se presentan en los sectores privado y público, evaluar la viabilidad y determinar el impacto de sus erogaciones en las finanzas públicas y en el Producto Interno Bruto (PIB). El trabajo sigue el método deductivo, un paradigma hermenéutico, con un enfoque mixto sin uso de inferencia estadística. Por la fragmentación del sistema pensionario, se presentan jubilaciones privilegiadas de organismos públicos descentralizados,...

August 2025

EU labour market – quarterly statistics

By European Union In Q1 2025, 197.9 million persons in the EU were employed. The EU seasonally adjusted employment rate for people aged 20-64 years stood at 76.1%, up from 76.0% in Q4 2024 as shown in Figure 1. For the same period, the seasonally adjusted total labour market slack in the EU, which is the unmet need for work, amounted to 23.6 million persons, which represented 10.9% of the extended labour force in Q1 2025, up from 10.8% in Q4 2024. Regarding its main component,...

Modeling pension reform: The World Bank’s pension reform options simulation toolkit

By World Bank Group Today's pension policies can affect retirement incomes and the public finances for decades to come. Retirement income systems that are affordable today, will often prove unsustainable in the future, given the twin pressures of demographic aging and the maturing of pension schemes. The World Bank's pension reform options simulation toolkit (PROST) models pension contributions, entitlements, system revenues, and system expenditures over a long time frame. The model is designed to promote informed policymaking, bridging the gap between...

Shocks to Income in a Lifecycle Model: An Undervalued Risk

By Sebastian Gomez-Cardona Lifecycle models are increasingly popular in financial planning. However, they often overlook the significant risk posed by income shocks-such as career disruptions, economic downturns, or technological advancements-that can affect financial plans, including retirement. This paper explores the role these shocks have on shaping saving rates, financial capital accumulation, and asset-allocation decisions, with particular attention to the possible relationship between income shocks and equity returns. By integrating industry-specific income risk into asset allocation decisions, this research provides practical...

Financial Literacy and Educator Behaviour: Insights from a Local Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

By Anrusha Bhana & Nkosinathi Princ Jali There is a substantial lack of financial literacy among educators, especially in emerging economies, which can influence personal and professional financial behavior. This study assessed whether financial literacy challenges influence high school educators' financial decision-making and behavior. An empirical study employing quantitative methodology assessed the lifestyle spending among high school educators and identified specific areas of financial literacy challenges and limitations. Data was collected randomly from a sample size of 246 out of...

Financial regret at older ages and longevity awareness

By Abigail Hurwitz & Olivia S. Mitchell To investigate financial regret among older Americans, we conduct a controlled experiment in the Health and Retirement Study. We document that many older people regret not having bought longevity protection or long-term care insurance, as well as having retired and claimed social security benefits too early. This is especially true for women, Black, and less wealthy older individuals. Additionally, we find that informing participants about objective survival probabilities boosts regret by 43% regarding not...