May 2024

How Hidden Costs Undermine Public Pensions in the US

 By Richard Ennis Public pension plans in the US incur exorbitant asset management costs. Most spend a lot and get nothing for it. High cost has hindered efforts to realize their actuarial return requirement. It has resulted in poor performance pretty much across the board. And yet, very few plans provide a full accounting of the costs they incur. Some still fail to net all their investment expenses from the returns they report. High cost is the Achilles heel of...

Gobernanza y fondos de pensiones. Análisis de mejores prácticas internacionales

Por Ezequiel Avilés Ochoa & Luis Roberto Torres López  El objetivo de este texto es presentar un análisis de las mejores prácticas de gobernanza de fondos de pensiones en el contexto internacional, y estructurar un marco referencial para la orientación de la política pública de los institutos de pensiones. Por un lado, realiza una revisión teórica de la literatura científica sobre los paradigmas de la gobernanza; y por otro, ofrece resultados que muestran que las mejores prácticas incluyen: transparencia, toma...

Inteligencia artificial y planeación presupuestaria en México: promesas y retos en América Latina para la asignación del gasto público

Por David Valle-Cruz, Vanessa Fernández-Cortez & J. Ramón Gil-García La elaboración del presupuesto público es un proceso complejo que depende de una gran cantidad de factores, incluyendo la consideración de recursos escasos y la calidad de la información disponible. La inteligencia artificial (IA) tiene el potencial de descubrir modelos que ayuden a explicar fenómenos sociales complejos, como el proceso de planeación presupuestaria. Sin embargo, actualmente existen pocos trabajos que exploran la aplicación de la IA en este contexto. Este artículo...

Cuidados de la vejez y oferta laboral femenina en América Latina

Por Elisa Failache Mirza, Noemí Katzkowicz, Fabrizio Méndez Rivero, Cecilia Parada Larre B & Martina Querejeta R. El envejecimiento poblacional se posiciona como un importante cambio demográfico. Este trabajo analiza las características de los adultos mayores en situación de dependencia, las estrategias de cuidado y el perfil de personas cuidadoras para Chile, Colombia, Paraguay, El Salvador y Uruguay. La población en situación de dependencia funcional es mayoritariamente femenina y mayor de 75 años. Entre un 54 % y un 70 %...

Seguridad social y sistemas de pensiones: una valoración desde la óptica de la justicia distributiva

Por Pablo Sandoval Cabrera Cualquier sistema de pensiones viable, adecuado y sostenible debe fincarse, necesariamente, en la existencia de condiciones de equidad en la distribución de la riqueza generada por la sociedad; esto es, presupone condiciones mínimas de justicia distributiva, así como la prevalencia de oportunidades con sentido de inclusión. Partiendo de esta premisa, se establece un marco de reflexión en la búsqueda de propuestas de solución al problema pensionario y de seguridad social desde el enfoque de la justicia...

Older Adult Employment: 2021 Annual Report

By SeniorLiving.org Workers over the age of 55 represent a huge and essential segment of the American economy, and their influence is growing. In fact, by 2030, one in four U.S. workers will be 55 or older. In part because they account for such a large share of the workforce, older adults have been hit hard by the Covid-19 pandemic, and many states had a decline in the number of workers over 55 remaining in the workforce. But overall, the 55-and-older...

Policy Ideas for Boosting Defined Benefit Pensions In The Private Sector

By Dan Doonan, John Lowell, Jonathan Price, Michael Kreps, Tyler Bond & Zorast Wadia In response to a request for information issued by the U.S. Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee, the National Institute on Retirement Security has submitted a research issue brief with policy ideas to help expand defined benefit (DB) pension coverage for private-sector employees. The research brief, Policy Ideas for Boosting Defined Benefit Pensions In The Private Sector, details six options  for Congress to consider to...

Intergenerational redistribution in a pay-as-you-go pension system

By Jacob Lundberg This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the generational wealth transfer within Sweden’s public pay-as-you-go pension system introduced in 1960. Using extensive administrative registers, the paper quantifies the contributions made and benefits received by each birth cohort. The findings reveal a substantial fiscal imbalance favouring the initial generation (born in the early 20th century), who received a net gain of $1.5 trillion in today’s present value, equivalent to up to 13% of their discounted lifetime income. This...

The growth of the older workforce

By Richard Fry & Dana Braga The share of older adults holding a job today is much greater than in the mid-1980s. Some 19% of adults ages 65 and older are employed today. In 1987, only 11% of older adults were working. Today’s share is similar to that of the early 1960s, when 18% of older Americans worked. As the employment rate among older adults has gradually risen since the 1990s, employment among younger workers has followed a different pattern. Jobholding...

Middle-aged and Older Adult Employment and the Perceived Risk of Running Out of Money during COVID-19: A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis

By Andy Sharma  The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) adversely impacted the health of middle-aged and older adults and altered their economic outlook. Several national polls revealed older adults felt stress about money and many reported difficulties in paying expenses during 2021. While such descriptive reports have raised awareness, peer-reviewed studies utilizing panel data can offer additional insight. As such, the purpose of this study was to contribute to this growing literature by examining the demographic, economic, and health factors...