May 2026

The Duty to Explain: Fiduciary Intelligibility Under ERISA

By Ian Edwards This Essay examines whether the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”) contains an emerging principle of fiduciary intelligibility within its participant disclosure framework. ERISA requires Summary Plan Descriptions (“SPDs”) to be written in a manner “calculated to be understood by the average plan participant.” While modern pension disclosure has become increasingly sophisticated and financially technical, this Essay argues that administrative and financial disclosure are not necessarily equivalent to fiduciary intelligibility. The Essay does not propose a...

Zero-Trust Architecture for Multi-Tenant SaaS Platforms on AWS:A Practitioner Framework for Authentication, Authorisation, and KYC in Regulated Financial Services

By Alan Terriaga Multi-tenant Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) platforms operating in regulated financial services face a unique intersection of security, compliance, and operational challenges that traditional perimeter-based architectures cannot adequately address. This paper presents a practitioner framework for implementing Zero-Trust Architecture (ZTA) across all layers of an AWS-hosted SaaS application, with particular focus on the authentication, authorisation, and Know Your Customer (KYC) verification pipelines that underpin financial compliance obligations. Drawing on direct engineering delivery experience leading IAM systems in regulated multi-tenant environments, we...

Agency Costs Beyond Corporations: Evidence from Pension Funds

By Clemens Böhlen This paper examines the role of agency costs in pension fund performance. Grounded in corporate agency theory, it exploits institutional variation in a unique dataset on the Swiss pension system to assess how differences in monitoring incentives affect investment outcomes. Specifically, I examine the role of the sponsoring company and show that multi-employer funds underperform institutionally comparable single-employer funds by 25-31 basis points per year, in line with weaker governance incentives. Consistent with corporate agency theory, these...

México. Jueces y magistrados en retiro protestan en CDMX para exigir indemnizaciones y pensiones

Jueces y magistrados federales en retiro forzado bloquearon los accesos del edificio del nuevo Órgano de Administración Judicial (OAJ) y marcharon en la Ciudad de México, en protesta por la falta del pago de sus indemnizaciones y pensiones complementarias establecidas en la reforma judicial. Con pancartas, casas de campaña y una bandera de México, las y los trabajadores cesados del Poder Judicial de la Federación (PJF) se manifiestan desde las 7 de la mañana para que se atiendan sus demandas. El magistrado en retiro Froylán...

Colombia. Gobierno pide revisar si fondos de pensión trasladaron los ahorros a Colpensiones en medio de disputa por $5 billones

El Gobierno Nacional abrió un nuevo frente en la disputa por los recursos de la reforma pensional. Los ministros de Hacienda, Germán Ávila Plazas, y de Trabajo, Antonio Sanguino Páez, solicitaron formalmente a la Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia verificar si las Administradoras de Fondos de Pensiones (AFP) trasladaron de manera “suficiente, íntegra y completa” los recursos de los afiliados que se movieron hacia Colpensiones. La petición se produce en medio de la controversia por cerca de $5 billones correspondientes a los ahorros...

Los fondos de pensiones de Chile, a cinco años de los retiros de AFP

Tiempos sin precedentes. Esa es una forma de describir la época de la pandemia de COVID-19, que sacudió a las economías del mundo transversalmente, sin excepción. Y en el caso chileno, una de las medidas de emergencia que se aplicaron fue la apertura de ventanas de rescates parciales en los fondos de pensiones, buscando dar liquidez a los abatidos hogares del país andino. Ya han pasado cinco años desde que se aprobó el tercer y último retiro y, si bien...

España. Las pensiones baten un nuevo récord en mayo: 14.366 millones de gasto y una nómina media de jubilación de casi 1.600 euros

El gasto en pensiones no tiene techo. La Seguridad Social ha desembolsado en mayo 14.365,8 millones de euros para abonar la nómina ordinaria de las prestaciones contributivas, un 6,1% más que hace un año. En cifras, la nómina se ha encarecido en 832,7 millones respecto a mayo de 2025, en línea con la tendencia al alza que registra mes a mes el gasto en pensiones. Este nuevo récord ha sido impulsado por el aumento constante de la cifra de jubilados, así como por la mejora...

Financial Stability Review 2025

By Financial Stability Council The Financial Stability Review evaluates developments in Ghana’s financial system, with emphasis on policies implemented to mitigate emerging risks to financial stability. This report is organised into eight (8) chapters: macro-financial developments, developments in Ghana’s financial system, assessment of the Banking, Insurance, Securities, and Pensions Industries, financial sector resilience, and a special features section that highlights topical issues of relevance to financial stability. In this current edition, two new sections have been introduced – key Financial...

Informality, Gender and Aging. Cumulative Inequalities and Intergenerational Effects

By Haut Comissariat Au Plan Since 2021, His Majesty King Mohammed VI’s High Guidance on social development has driven a structural project to extend social protection, focusing on the expansion of mandatory health coverage, the gradual integration of self-employed workers into pension schemes, and the introduction of universal family allowances. The New Development Model sets out this vision by establishing objectives in terms of decent employment, the economic inclusion of women, and intergenerational sustainability. The analysis presented in this report examines, in...

Pension Fund Investment and Firm Innovation

By Cédric Schneider, Dario Pozzoli & David Pinkus We use a unique database on domestic pension fund investment to analyze the relationship between pension fund investment and innovation within Danish firms. We find a significant positive association between pension fund investment and various measures of innovation, including green technologies for climate change mitigation and adaptation. However, this relationship is much weaker in highly competitive industries,suggesting that pension funds encourage innovation by monitoring and holding managers accountable. Our analysis also shows...