April 2025
16Apr

Population Aging, Digital Financial Inclusion, Development Strategies and Economic Resilience

By Dongsong Cai, Ling Long, WanHuan Cai & Xin Wang As China enters into a deeply aging society, China's demographic development has come to an unprecedented stage of great transition, which also has an impact on economic resilience. Based on the perspective of new structural economics, the relationship between population aging and economic resilience is explored. Meanwhile, empirical tests using provincial panel data find that, firstly, there is a positive effect of population aging on economic resilience, i.e., population aging...

April 16, 2025
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15Apr

Italy launches ‘baby bonus’ scheme to combat declining birthrate

Italy's new "baby bonus" initiative was launched on Monday, marking the latest step in the country's ongoing efforts to reverse its declining birthrate. The Italian National Institute for Social Security on Monday unveiled the formal process for families to access a tax-free allowance of 1,000 euros (1,135 US dollars) for each child born or adopted in 2025. The bonus will be granted to Italian citizens as well as citizens of other European Union (EU) member states and non-EU nationals who hold...

April 15, 2025
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15Apr

Aging Nation: The Alarming Shift in Japan’s Demographic Landscape

Japan faces a demographic shift, with a rapidly aging population and a 14-year trend of population decline. Japan’s total population stands at 123.8 million, a decrease of 550,000 from the previous year. Individuals aged 75 and over now constitute 16.8 percent of the population, while those under 15 years old make up only 11.2 percent. The population decline is contrasted by an increase in foreign residents for the third consecutive year. Migration provides a counterbalance to the declining...

April 15, 2025
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07Apr

Turkey. Fast aging population in agriculture threatens food security

The aging population in Türkiye’s agriculture is posing a risk to the country’s food security, Union of Turkish Agricultural Chambers (TZOB) President Şemsi Bayraktar has warned, calling for urgent action to lure the young population into the industry. The average age of farmers rose to 59 last year with the average being 58 for men and 61 for women, Bayraktar said. Some 35 percent of them are over 65 years old, and another 35 percent are between the ages of 50 and 64,...

April 7, 2025
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04Apr

Investments in education can reduce the pension burden

Education investments can ease pressure on pension system: A study by the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research shows that investing in education can offset the effects of low birth rates on the pension system. Better education, higher productivity: Education increases workforce productivity and helps compensate for a smaller labor force. This reduces the burden on pensions. Investment pays off: Higher investment in education not only extends the number of working years, but also boosts pension income and life expectancy. A recently...

April 4, 2025
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04Apr

Türkiye takes measures to boost birth rate as demographic crisis looms

The Turkish government is taking significant steps to counteract a troubling demographic decline, introducing numerous incentives aimed at reversing the falling birth rate. Türkiye has declared 2025 the "Year of the Family," an initiative designed to promote childbirth, while its Ministry of Family and Social Services has unveiled a comprehensive program intended to support working mothers, which includes establishing public nurseries and kindergartens to facilitate childcare. The country's birth rate has steadily declined for years, reaching a low of 958,000 births...

April 4, 2025
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02Apr

South Korea. Low birth rate’s far-reaching impact: Sustainability of teacher pensions under threat

The impact of South Korea’s demographic crisis is far-reaching, with one lesser-known consequence being the threat to the sustainability of the teachers' pension system. As the school-age population shrinks and schools close, teachers are losing their jobs and becoming legally eligible for pension payouts much earlier than expected — sometimes as early as their 30s. According to data released by the National Assembly Budget Office, 410 pension recipients became eligible prematurely due to school closures as of 2024. Among them, individuals...

April 2, 2025
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01Apr

Italy’s fertility rate hits record low in 2024

Italy's fertility rate fell to the lowest level ever recorded in 2024, the country's main statistical entity said on Monday. According to Italy's National Statistics Institute, known as ISTAT, around 370,000 births were registered in Italy last year, a decrease of 2.6 percent from the previous year. The death rate also declined, ISTAT said, falling by 3.1 percent last year to 651,000. That means there were 281,000 more deaths than births in the country in 2024, pushing the country's average life...

April 1, 2025
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March 2025
31Mar

As the U.S. population ages, solo caregiving becomes more common

Call it a silver tsunami or just going gray. The U.S. Census Bureau reports that in just 10 years, older adults will outnumber those under 18 for the first time in U.S. history. America is aging, and that means more families providing care for parents and grandparents and even great-great-grandparents. And while much has already been said about caregiving, there is far less research into what it's like to walk that road alone. To talk about solo caregiving and...

March 31, 2025
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28Mar

Parental Leave Policies, Fertility, and Labor Supply

By Daisoon Kim & Minchul Yum South Korea has been facing persistently low fertility rates and large gender gaps in labor supply. In response, the government has expanded parental leave benefits to address these challenges. To evaluate the effectiveness of these policies, we develop a quantitative, heterogeneous-household life-cycle model in which couples make joint decisions on careers, labor supply, savings, and child-related choices, including fertility, childcare, and parental leave take-up. The model is calibrated to recent Korean cohorts to replicate...

March 28, 2025
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