April 2026

Gig Workers And Labour Law In India: Analysing The Legal Vacuum Under The Code On Social Security 2020

By Anshita Jain The rise of the gig economy in India has transformed traditional employment structures while exposing significant gaps in labour law protections. This paper analyses the legal status of gig and platform workers under the Code on Social Security, 2020, highlighting the challenges of worker classification and limited social security coverage. It argues that despite formal recognition, the absence of enforceable rights and clear accountability mechanisms leaves gig workers vulnerable. The paper concludes by suggesting the need for...

March 2026

Informe sobre auditorías a pensiones no contributivas por discapacidad

Por Sebastián E. Tedeschi & Alejo Joaquín Giles Desde principios de 2025, la Agencia Nacional de Discapacidad (ANDIS) está realizando una serie de auditorías sobre las pensiones no contributivas por discapacidad ya otorgadas. En ese marco, el Programa de Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales de la Defensoría General de la Nación presentó un pedido de información ante la Agencia. A partir de la respuesta del organismo, el Programa elaboró este informe que reconstruye los antecedentes principales y detalla algunas cuestiones...

XXI Banorte. Reporte de Riesgos y Oportunidades Climáticas 2025

Por XXI Banorte  Este Reporte detalla los resultados del análisis de riesgos y oportunidades en materia de Cambio Climático de Afore XXI Banorte, incluyendo información sobre la gobernanza, la estrategia sobre las operaciones de la enfidad Administradora y el portafolio inversión, los avances en la implementación de nuestra estrategia climática y la senda de descarbonización bajo objetivos basados en ciencia, establecidos para alcanzar las emisiones cero, asi como un desglose de los resultados de desempeño alcanzados en el ejercicio fiscal...

Venezuela frente al Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) 1. Fin de la Pobreza avances y desafíos

Por Xavier Valente & Ligmar Altamar Venezuela está enfrentado una crisis humanitaria que ha exacerbado significativamente la pobreza y la desigualdad. Este ensayo examina el impacto de la crisis en el progreso de Venezuela hacia el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 1: Fin de la pobreza. Utilizando datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Vida (ENCOVI) y la Red de Soluciones para el Desarrollo Sostenible, se analizan las tendencias de la pobreza, se identifican desafíos clave y se describe la efectividad de...

Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis: Pensiones en México 2021-2024

Por José Antonio Villalobos López Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis sobre las tasas de reemplazo (TR) en los sistemas de pensiones y jubilaciones en México, durante el período comprendido entre enero de 2021 y mayo de 2024. Se aplicó la metodología PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses), mediante la cual se analizaron 75 do-cumentos académicos, de los cuales 29 (38.7% del total) abordan explícitamente el tema de la TR. El análisis estadístico...

War and Pensions: The Effects of War on Social Security and Pensions Around the World

By John A. Turner, David Rajnes, Gerard Hughes & Maher Michelle War has affected the development of social security and employer-provided pensions. Roman soldiers received the first pensions. In most countries, military pensions preceded social security pensions, providing countries experience with the concept and administration of pensions. War or the threat of war affected the development of the two major branches of social insurance-based pensions—Bismarckian (earnings related pensions developed in Germany) and Beveridgian (pensions tied to years of work developed...

Mexico, how are we doing on retirement savings?

By México, ¿cómo vamos? Mexico is a country where half of the population is under 35 years old, 8 out of 10 people use the internet, and almost all of them connect through their cell phones. It's no surprise that the use of digital accounts has tripled in the last three years, opening up unprecedented potential for savings within the financial system. However, 54-5% of the employed population works in the informal sector, without access to social security or automatic...

Employee Satisfaction and Pension Shortfall Risk

By Annita Florou, Meng Li, Peter F. Pope & Nipat Puangjampa Defined benefit (DB) pension plans are important to employee welfare. However, they carry risk as they are subject to minimum funding requirements. We examine the effect of a relaxation in pension funding rules on employee satisfaction by exploiting the adoption of the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21). We find that employees of DB firms are less satisfied with their firms and their senior managers, after...

Universal Owner and Impact of Its Engagement Program: An Analysis of Engagement Records of Japan’s GPIF

By Masahiro Shibata & Kazunori Suzuki This study examines the impact of Japan’s Government Pension Investment Fund (GPIF) engagement program, leveraging a proprietary dataset of 26,792 engagements across 21 externally managed funds from fiscal years 2017 to 2022. As one of the largest universal owners globally, GPIF plays a pivotal role in influencing corporate behavior through structured engagements aimed at improving corporate governance, environmental sustainability, and financial performance. Despite growing global interest in engagement-driven stewardship, empirical evidence on its effectiveness...

Non-contributory Pension Programs and Intra-household Inequality

By José L. Casco Non-contributory pension schemes are increasingly prevalent as countries seek to combat poverty, yet their role in shaping inequality remains underexplored. This paper studies how such programs alter intra-household inequality using data from Mexican household income and expenditure surveys. The analysis first examines a local pension program in Mexico City, embedding an age-based quasi-experimental design to identify beneficiaries within a structural model of extended households. Results show that the program shifted resources from men to women and...