November 2025
21Nov

The Aftermath of the Pandemic Retirement Boom

 By Lei Fang, Paul Mohnen & David Lee The labor force participation rate experienced a sharp drop during the pandemic, from which it has yet to fully recover. This shortfall can be attributed to a persistent decline in labor force participation among people aged 55 and older. In this blog post, we show that excess retirements relative to prepandemic and higher population shares of retirement-age individuals have both contributed to the decline in the labor force participation rate of older...

November 21, 2025
Articles, Labor Market, , , ,
Read more...
07Nov

Determinants of financial inclusion among women-owned enterprises: a case study of the informal sector

By Faizan Khan Sherwani, Sanaa Zafar Shaikh, Shilpa Behal & Mohd Shuaib Siddiqui The purpose of this paper is to analyse the determinants of financial inclusion among women-owned informal enterprises in India. The study is based on a primary survey of 321 informal enterprises. The data has been collected through a structured questionnaire. A chi-square test has been used to examine the significant association between the characteristics of informal enterprises and their owners and financial inclusion. A logistic regression model...

November 7, 2025
Articles, Labor Market, , , ,
Read more...

October 2025
31Oct

Retirement and Retirement Intentions, Australia: Retiree statistics and the retirement intentions of people aged 45 years and over

By Australian Bureau of Statistics In 2024-25, 156,000 people aged 45 and over retired. Of these, 55% were women. On average, women retire at an earlier age than men. The average age both men and women are retiring is continuing to increase. The average age at retirement for people aged 45 years and over who retired in 2024-25 was 63.8 years. For men, the average age was 64.9 years and for women the average age was 62.7 years. The average age at retirement...

October 31, 2025
Books, Books, Labor Market, Reports, , ,
Read more...
08Oct

The U.S.-Born labor force will shrink over the next decade

By Josh Bivens It is often underrecognized how much population aging is currently reducing the growth rate of the U.S. labor force and will continue to pull it down in coming decades. The share of the population that is over the age of 65 (when labor force participation tends to take a steep fall on average) is rising rapidly. This share was 12.4% in 2007, 17.9% in 2024, and will hit 21.2% by 2035 (CBO 2025b). A recent EPI report...

October 8, 2025
Articles, Labor Market, , , ,
Read more...
03Oct

Part-Time Penalties and Heterogeneous Retirement Decisions

By Kanta Ogawa Older male workers exhibit diverse retirement behaviors across occupations and respond differently to policy changes, influenced significantly by the part-time penalty—wage reduction faced by part-time workers compared to their full-time counterparts. Many older individuals reduce their working hours, and in occupations with high part-time penalties, they tend to retire earlier, as observed in data from Japan and the United States. This study develops a general equilibrium model that incorporates occupational choices, endogenous labor supply, highlighting that the...

October 3, 2025
Articles, Labor Market, , , , ,
Read more...

September 2025
19Sep

OECD Employment Outlook 2025: Can We Get Through the Demographic Crunch?

By Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Over the past two decades, population ageing, increasing statutory retirement ages and rising education levels have led to higher employment rates among workers aged 55 and above in OECD countries. However, progress across countries remain uneven, and employment rates decline rapidly from age 60, such that many workers are leaving employment well before reaching the eligibility age for a pension. To sustain living standards and address structural labour shortages, many countries will need...

September 19, 2025
Books, Books, Labor Market, Reports, , ,
Read more...
19Sep

The Impact of Job Exposure to Artificial Intelligence on the Korean Labor Market in 2020

By Yeseul Lee & Hyeonjun Hwang This study examines the impact of artificial intelligence exposure on wage and employment outcomes in the Korean labor market in 2020. We propose the Artificial Intelligence Exposure Score (AIES) by integrating 27,921 Korean AI patents from 2011 and 2020 with O*NET task descriptions through Sentence-BERT natural language processing techniques. This approach creates occupation-level exposure measures that reflect Korea-specific innovation patterns. Using data from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS), we estimate log-linear...

September 19, 2025
Articles, Labor Market, , ,
Read more...
19Sep

Commuting Time, Flexibility, and Job Security

By Bert van Landeghem, Thomas Dohmen & Arne Risa Hole We analyse workers’ preferences for wages, commute time, working-from-home, flexibility, job security, and social impact using discrete choice experiments from 2022 and 2025 with about 4,000 Flemish employees. Preferences for shorter commutes and flexible schedules remain stable post-pandemic, with substantial willingness-to-pay (WTP) for these attributes. However, WTP for job security declined and the value of socially impactful jobs disappeared by 2025. Latent class analysis identifies distinct groups differing in their...

September 19, 2025
Articles, Labor Market, , ,
Read more...
12Sep

Social infrastructure law in the UK, EU and US

By Ewan McGaughey What should be the goals of social infrastructure, and the best means to achieve them? Social infrastructure is a new term to describe the welfare state, whose conceptual foundations were laid in Lord Beveridge’s Report, Social Insurance and Allied Services (1942). A good government, said Beveridge, should tackle five evil ‘giants’, namely disease, ignorance, squalor, idleness, and want. These could be overcome with a universal free health service, public education, public housing, full employment, and income insurance...

September 12, 2025
Articles, Labor Market, , , ,
Read more...
05Sep

The Future of Labour: How AI, Technological Disruption and Practice Will Change the Way We Work

By Anthony Larsson & Andreas Hatzigeorgiou The Future of Labour: How AI, Technological Disruption and Practice Will Change the Way We Work is an anthology that offers a forward-looking exploration of how artificial intelligence (AI), digitalisation and technological transformation are reshaping the future of work. Through a series of studies conducted by scientists and industry professionals, this volume takes a deep dive into many of the issues related to new policies, AI and the digital transformation’s anticipated impact on the labour market....

September 5, 2025
Books, Books, Labor Market, Reports, , , ,
Read more...