March 2025

South Korea approves reforms to shore up $830 bln state pension fund

South Korea's parliament on Thursday passed a bill to reform the country's $830 billion pension fund and delay the depletion of the state fund that has been on track to run out by the mid-2050s due to a rapidly ageing population. The bill's passage marks the first time parliament has agreed to a major shake-up in the state pension fund in 18 years and could delay depletion by 15 years. Under the legislative amendment, contributions and payouts will rise, the former...

Panorama Laboral 2024: América Latina y el Caribe

Por Organización Internacional del Trabajo  Cinco años después de la irrupción de la pandemia de COVID-19, el panorama laboral de América Latina y el Caribe en 2024 evidencia una estabilidad relativa en sus principales indicadores laborales. En línea con el crecimiento económico moderado, la tasa de ocupación aumentó ligeramente en 2024 respecto al año anterior. La oferta laboral, medida por la tasa de participación, el porcentaje de personas en edad de trabajar que están trabajando o buscando un empleo, se...

Pension Reform and Stock Market Development

By Shujaat Khan, Bo Li & Yunhui Zhao We highlight the strong connection between developing fully-funded, individually-owned, collectively-managed, mandatory/incentivized (FICMI) pension schemes and the development of domestic stock markets. We do so by building a stylized model and complementing the analysis with cross-country empirical analysis and case studies. We also highlight the challenges of individual impatience, network externalities, and coordination failure in long-term equity investments, which are crucial for stock market development and technological innovation. We find that FICMI pension...

Public pensions reforms: financial and political sustainability

By Julián Díaz Saavedra One main reason for the unsustainability of future pensions in many European countries is a failure to adapt to very long-term demographic trends. Also, a reform to address financing issues can also be an occasion to improve pension design. Sometimes, however, such pension reforms are likely to be overturned when they lead to significant short-term losses in retirement income. We use an overlapping generations economy with incomplete insurance markets to show that, with an appropriate design,...

Pension Funding Index February 2025

By Zorast Wadia The funded status of the 100 largest U.S. corporate defined benefit pension plans increased by $12 billion during January, as measured by the Milliman 100 Pension Funding Index (PFI). The funding surplus improved to $71 billion as a result of liability decreases and investment returns that surpassed expectations. Pension liabilities fell during the month due to a small increase in the benchmark corporate bond interest rates used to value those liabilities. As of January 31, the PFI...

How and Why the Gender Pension Gap in Urban China Decreased between 1988 and 2018

By Björn Gustafsson, Peng Zhan & Hanrui Jia In urban China, gender gaps in employment and earnings have steadily increased since the 1990s. Such gender gaps are important because pension rights and amounts are based on labor force participation and wages. However, as this study demonstrates, despite the rise in gender differences in the urban labor market, the average gender pension gap decreased between 1988 and 2018. In this paper, we describe the evolution of the fragmented pension system in...

Fondos generacionales en el nuevo sistema de pensiones: Recomendaciones de regulación

Por Daniel Mantilla García, Oscar Reinaldo Becerra Camargo, Manuel García Huitrón & Marc Hofstetter Gascón  La reforma pensional aprobada el año pasado es de profundo calado y se encuentra en pleno proceso de reglamentación contrarreloj. Uno de los aspectos a reglamentar es la nueva estructura de “fondos generacionales”, así como los mecanismos que garantizarán que estos fondos cumplan el objetivo de optimizar la mesada pensional, como lo manda la ley que se aprobó. Explicamos en qué consisten estos fondos y...

February 2025

2025 Employee Sentiment Study

By AON Successful organizations recognize the critical importance of their people and what is valuable to them. Investing in their potential, aspirations and resilience, and providing them with choice and flexibility that caters to their diverse needs is not just a necessity — it is the foundation for delivering long-term sustainable growth. This study is based on findings from Aon’s Employee Sentiment survey and insights from Aon’s team of human capital specialists. It equips senior business, human resources, and people leaders...

Multiemployer Pension Funding Study: Year-end 2024

By Tim Connor,Timothy Herman,Rex Barker & Nina Lantz The amounts in Figure 1 reflect the $70 billion in SFA granted to 97 plans that received the funds by December 31, 2024, including $16 billion paid during 2024. Without the SFA program, the aggregate funded percentage would be approximately 89%. The liabilities in Figure 1 are projected using discount rates equal to each plan’s actuarial assumed return on assets. Assumed returns generally fall between 6.0% and 8.0%, with a weighted average interest...

Social Security Programs and Retirement around the World: The Effects of Reforms on Retirement Behavior

By Axel Börsch-Supan & Courtney Coile Employment among older men and women has increased dramatically in recent years, reversing a downward trend in the closing decades of the twentieth century. Social Security Programs and Retirement around the World examines how changing retirement incentives have reshaped labor force participation trends among older workers. The chapters feature country-specific analyses for Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. They find that while there is significant heterogeneity...