February 2026

Liability-Driven Portfolio Choice for Pension Funds under Regime-Switching Inflation

By Myung Jun Kim, Hyeontae Jo & Bong-Gyu Jang This paper studies optimal portfolio choice for a pension fund with inflation-linked liabilities under regime-switching market dynamics. We consider a fund manager who invests in stocks, inflation-indexed bonds (IIBs), and a risk-free asset to maximize expected utility of the terminal funding ratio, subject to a Value-at-Risk (VaR) constraint. Asset returns and inflation expectations follow a two-state Markov chain representing high and low inflation regimes. The main methodological challenge is solving the...

Multidisciplinary Pathways to Retirement Financial Literacy: An Experimental Comparison of Gamified and Infographic Interventions

By Chrizaan Grobbelaar & Liezel Alsemgeest Due to population ageing and a decline in the working-age population, retirees can no longer rely on government support in retirement, making financial literacy even more important for society to plan for retirement. The current low financial literacy levels globally are evident in the vast number of retirees retiring unprepared. Educating a society on the basics of financial literacy is not enough for them to make sense of pension rules, tax implications, or make...

January 2026

The Bulgarian Pension System: Caught Between Adequacy And Sustainability

By Jean-Jacques Hallaert During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Bulgarian authorities increased pensions substantially to support pensioners’ living standards and aggregate demand. These increases have become permanent and improved the adequacy of pensions. However, not matched by revenue measures, they have widened the deficit of the pension system. Reforms that increase the incentives to contribute to the pension system and thus revenue would improve the financial sustainability of the pension system and reduce fiscal risks. Source SSRN

Scaling Sustainable Investing in Emerging and Developing Economies: Frictions and Opportunities

By Caroline Flammer, Thomas Giroux & Geoffrey M. Heal Mobilizing private capital at scale is critical for financing sustainable development, particularly in emerging and developing economies (EMDEs), where capital is most needed. We conduct a global survey of senior investment decision-makers across a broad spectrum of capital providers, including asset managers, pension and sovereign wealth funds, development finance institutions, philanthropic investors, and others. The survey provides novel evidence on investors’ risk-return expectations, risk perceptions, and investment practices in EMDEs and...

Pension Schemes, Healthcare Use, and Health: Evidence from China

By Zeen He Using a non-parametric fuzzy regression discontinuity design and leveraging data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this paper explores the impact of public and private pension schemes on health service utilization and health outcomes among urban and rural individuals in China. Our estimates show that receipt of public pensions, particularly the Urban Employee Pension Scheme (UEPS) and Public Employee Pension Scheme (PEPS), significantly improves selfreported health, mental health (CES-D scores), and physical health (ADL...

Artificial Intelligence and Retirement Planning

By John Cutler, J.D Any views and ideas expressed in the essay are the author’s alone and may not reflect the views and ideas of the Society of Actuaries, the Society of Actuaries Research Institute, Society of Actuaries members, nor the author’s employer. The premise for this essay is that retirees (and pre-retirees) are unlikely to have had experience with artificial intelligence (AI) to any great degree. If you think about most advanced technologies, individuals learn about them in the workplace...

Reforma de pensiones de Petro prende alertas: Grupo Sura advierte deterioro de los ahorros de colombianos

Uno de los mayores gestores de activos de América Latina advirtió que la reforma pensional propuesta en Colombia, orientada a repatriar miles de millones de dólares, podría terminar por perjudicar a los trabajadores y a los ahorros de los jubilados. El presidente saliente del país presenta el plan como una vía para impulsar el crecimiento de la economía local, mientras que sus críticos consideran que la iniciativa debilita los fondos de pensiones. “En principio, no estamos de acuerdo”, afirmó Ricardo Jaramillo,...

Fondo de Pensiones de Groenlandia evalúa desinvertir en acciones de EE.UU. por Trump

El fondo de pensiones de Groenlandia está considerando si debería seguir invirtiendo en acciones estadounidenses, en lo que su director ejecutivo dice que sería una postura simbólica contra el intento del presidente estadounidense Donald Trump de tomar el control de la isla ártica. SISA Pension, que gestiona alrededor de siete mil millones de coronas danesas (US$1.100 millones), actualmente tiene una exposición de alrededor del 50% a EE.UU., principalmente en renta variable pública. Si bien no se ha tomado ninguna decisión,...

Retiros por desempleo de las Afores no representan un riesgo para la estabilidad del SAR: Amafore

El monto de los retiros por desempleo, que en 2025 alcanzó un máximo histórico, no representa un riesgo para la estabilidad del Sistema de Ahorro para el Retiro (SAR), pues en los últimos años ha representado menos de 0.5% de los recursos administrados, dijo la Asociación Mexicana de Afores (Amafore). La Amafore explicó que si bien el monto retirado alcanzó un máximo en 2025, en realidad, el número de retiros se ha mantenido estable en los últimos años. En el 2025,...

El FINDEX 2024: el ahorro no formal en América Latina

Por Felaban El índice FINDEX del Banco Mundial explícita la importancia que tiene el ahorro no formal entre la población de América Latina. Si bien existen múltiples alternativas formales de ahorro, una parte de la población adulta de la región ahorra en cadenas, grupos no formales, “natilleras”, grupos familiares y de amigos entre muchos otros. Esto si bien es un factor que desde alguna mirada puede considerarse como idiosincrático, también refleja lo que los trabajos CAF ha determinado con la...